你认识不认识她？

Notes

1. “喂、丁云、你去哪儿？” — “Hey, Ding Yun, where are you going?”

   “喂” is an interjection used to express informal greeting, equivalent to “hello” or “hey.”

2. “啊、是你、玛沙。” — “Oh, it’s you, Masha.”

   “啊” is also an interjection. Here it is pronounced in the 4^th tone, expressing unexpectedness or sudden realization.

3. “来、我介绍一下儿。” — “Let me introduce you.” (lit.: Come, I’ll introduce you.)

   “我介绍一下儿” is a common expression used while introducing people to each other. “一下儿” here softens the tone, making it sound informal.

4. “对了、我和玛沙都学汉语。” — “Yes (lit.: correct), we study Chinese with Masha.”

   “对了” means “right”, “all right” or “correct.” It is used to confirm the words of the interlocutor.

   The conjunction “和” is used to connect nouns, pronouns or nominal constructions only. No “和” is needed between two clauses; such clauses in Chinese join without a conjunction, often with adverbs like “也” (also) (more details further in the lesson). Nor is “和” often used to join verbs or verbal constructions.

Substitution and Extension

一

1.

2.

3.

6.

二

1. Introducing people to each other

   A:

   你们认识吗？我介绍一下儿。这是丁教授。这是我的女朋友谢英。

   B:

   您好。

   C:

   您好。

2. Meeting each other

   A:

   请问、您叫什么名字？

   B:

   我叫谢英。

   A:

   您是哪国人？

   B:

   我是中国人。

   A:

   您说俄语吗？

   B:

   我说俄语。

3. Running into each other

   A:

   喂、谢英！

   B:

   啊、是你丁朋！你好。

   A:

   你好。你去哪儿？

   B:

   我去商店买本子、你去不去？

   A:

   我也去。

* * *

名片

Reading text

Grammar

❶ Affirmative-negative questions

An affirmative-negative question is another form of question which is made by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the main element of the predicate (the predicative verb or adjective). Such a question has the same function as a general question with the interrogative particle “吗”.

❷ Sentences with verbal constructions in series

A sentence with verbal constructions in series is a sentence in which the predicate consists of more than one verb (or verbal construction) sharing the same subject. In a sentence of this kind, the verbs or verbal constructions follow a definite and unalterable order and admit no pause between them in actual speech.

Sentences of this type fall into several kinds. The kind covered in this lesson includes sentences having in their predicate two verbs the second of which denotes the purpose of the action expressed by the first. E.g.

* 帮助 bāngzhù - to help.

❸ Position of the adverbs “也” and “都”

The adverbs “也” and “都” usually follow the subject but precede the predicative verb or adjective. Used simultaneously in a sentence to qualify the predicate, “也” must precede “都”

Note that, in a sentence, what “都” sums up usually refers to all the persons or things that go before it rather than what comes after it. Used simultaneously in a sentence the order of the adverbs “不” and “都” depends on the meaning of the sentence: “不都” means “not all...”, while “都不” means “all not...” or “both not...”.

Exercises

1. Read out and translate the following phrases:

   (1)

   是不是

   喝不喝

   还不还
    

   在不在

   来不来

   看不看
    

   问不问

   用不用

   坐不坐
    

   买不买

   去不去

   说不说
    

   学习不学习

   认识不认识

    
    

   介绍不介绍

   欢迎不欢迎

    
    
   (2)

   中国人

   男人

   女人
    

   中国朋友

   男朋友

   女朋友
    

   中国学生

   男学生

   女学生
    

   中国老师

   男老师

   女老师
    

   中国大夫

   男大夫

   女大夫

2. Make a general question with the interrogative particle “吗” and an affirmative-negative question using each of the following verbs:

   Example:		看  书
   	→	他看书吗？
   		他看不看书？

   (1)

   在

    

   (2)

   来

    

   (3)

   是

   谢老师

   (4)

   喝

   茶

   (5)

   用

   车

   (6)

   在

   宿舍

   (7)

   学习

   汉语

   (8)

   说

   英语

   (9)

   买

   纸

3. Put in an appropriate phrase from the list below in each of the following sentences:

   学习汉语；买笔；还书；看朋友。

   (1) 我去商店 学习汉语 买笔 还书 看朋友 .
   (2) 她去学生宿舍 学习汉语 买笔 还书 看朋友 .
   (3) 丁云来学院 学习汉语 买笔 还书 看朋友 .
   (4) 他们去中国 学习汉语 买笔 还书 看朋友 .

4. Rewrite the following sentences using “都”. An example:

    

   玛沙认识丁云、安德烈也认识丁云。

   →

   玛沙和安德烈都认识丁云。

   (1)

   他学习汉语、她也学习汉语。

   →

   (2)

   我爸爸是大夫、我妈妈也是大夫。

   →

   (3)

   他说英语、他朋友也说英语。

   →

   (4)

   谢老师是中国人、丁云也是中国人。

   →

   (5)

   我去商店、我哥哥也去商店。

   →

   (6)

   他不吸烟、他的女朋友也不吸烟。

   →

   (7)

   丁云不在宿舍、她朋友也不在宿舍。

   →

   (8)

   我去外语学院看朋友、安德烈也去外语学院看朋友。

   →

Pronunciation and Intonation

❶ Word stress (1)

Putonghua or the common speech of modern Chinese distinguishes roughly three degrees of stress of polysyllabic words: main (or strong) stress, medium stress and weak stress, which can be distinctly differentiated in the pronunciation of a word of many syllables. Words of two, three or four syllables have a distinct strong stress on one of the syllables (marked with the sign “•” in this book). In most disyllabic words, the strong stress falls on the second syllable, and the first syllable is usually pronounced with a medium stress. E.g.

`

˘

ˉ

˘

´

˘

`

´

`

`

汉

语

英

语

词

典

地

图

画

报

•

•

•

•

•

´

´

˘

ˉ

ˉ

´

学

习

(сущ.)

老

师

丁

云

•

•

•

`

`

ˉ

´

ˉ

`

´

`

再

见

欢

迎

商

店

学

院

•

•

•

•

A small number of disyllabic words have the main stress falling on the first syllable, and the second syllable is usually pronounced with a weak stress even though it is normally not the neutral tone (with a tone-graph over it). E.g.

´

`

´

ˉ

´

朋

友

认

识

名

字

先

生

学

生

•

•

•

•

•

`

˘

´

`

`

大

夫

我

们

什

么

介

绍

•

•

•

•

´

´

学

习

(гл.)

•

❷ Exercises

1. Read out the following phrases, paying attention to the changes of tone of “不”:

   `

   ˉ

   `

   ˉ

   ˉ

   `

   ˉ

   ´

   `

   ˉ

   ´

   不

   说

   不

   吸

   烟

   不

   喝

   茶

   不

   欢

   迎

   `

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   ´

   ´

   不

   来

   不

   还

   不

   学

   习

   `

   ˘

   `

   ˘

   不

   买

   不

   请

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   不

   去

   不

   谢

   不

   客

   气

   不

   坐

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   不

   住

   不

   看

   不

   问

   ´

   `

   ´

   `

   `

   ´

   `

   不

   用

   不

   介

   绍

   不

   认

   识

2. Read out the following words containing the sounds “zh”, “ch”, “sh” и “r”, paying attention to their pronunciation and word stress:

   ˉ	´		`	˘		ˉ	`		`	`
   中	国		日	本		书	店		宿	舍
   ˉ	`		`	`		`			´	´
   商	店		介	绍		认	识		长	城
   •	•		•
   ´	ˉ		´
   长	江		学	生
   •	•

Test exercises

Write the following sentences in Chinese characters adding tone marks above them:

1. Wǒ jièshào yíxià: zhè shì wǒde fēicháng hǎode péngyou, tā xìng Wáng. Тā xuéxí yīngyǔ hé fǎyǔ. Тā zhù liúxuésheng sùshè, wǒ cháng qù kàn tā, wǒmen cháng shuō hànyǔ.
2. Nǐ qù nǎr? — Wǒ qù shāngdiàn mǎi bǐ hé zhǐ. Nǐ yě qù shāngdiàn ma? — Bù, wǒ qù sùshè kàn hànyǔ lǎoshī.
3. Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén? Shì bu shi Zhōngguó rén? — Shì, wǒ shì Zhōngguó liúxué shēng, zài Wàiyǔ xuéyuàn xuéxí. — Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? — Wǒ jiào Xiè Yīng. Zhè shì wǒde nánpéngyou, tā yě shì Zhōngguó rén. Wǒmen dōu xuéxí yīngyǔ.
4. Nǐ shuō éyǔ ma? — Bù, wǒ shuō yīngyǔ.
5. Wèi, nǐ qù nǎr? — Wǒ qù yóujú mǎi yóupiào, nǐ ne? — Wǒ qù shāngdiàn mǎi běnzi.
6. Nǐmen rènshi ma? Wǒ jièshào yíxià, zhè shì Wáng jiàoshòu. Zhè shì wǒ gēge.

Write the following word combinations and sentences in Chinese characters and pinyin, lay tone marks:

美国（邮票）；北京（邮局）；德国（教授）；俄语杂志；mǎi 雨伞；德语本子；日本邮票；欧洲教授；mǎi huàbào hé 杂志；上海 shāngdiàn; shuō 俄语 hé 德语.

1. 雨伞 zài nǎr?
2. 王教授 bú zài.
3. 邮局 zài nǎr?

③ Exercise on reading and understanding unfamiliar words, made of the characters you know:

书店；姓名；报纸；好汉；汉字；字典；好友；坐车；老人。

Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English:

1. — 你妈妈去哪儿？
   — 她去买英语词典和本子。
   
2. — 你的中国朋友学俄语吗？
   — 对、他们都学俄语。
   
3. 来、我介绍一下儿、这是中国的谢教授。谢教授是我爸爸的好朋友。他也是大夫。
   
4. 我们学院的留学生都是日本人。他们都学俄语和英语。
   
5. — 丁朋在哪儿？
   — 他去学院宿舍看他哥哥和弟弟。
   — 他们在哪儿学习？
   — 他们都是外语学院的学生。
   
6. — 我请你去邮局买邮票。
   — 我现在很忙。
   
7. — 你常去商店吗？
   — 不常去。我妈妈常去。
   
8. 是谁？请进。您坐。
   
9. — 李老师在吗？
   — 他不在。他在学院。
   
10. — 你吸烟吗？
    — 不。我和我哥哥都不吸烟。
    

Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese:

1. — Do you know him? (or not)
   — (I) know, he is my father’s friend.
   
2. — Do you often go to the shop?
   — Not often. My mother goes often.
   
3. — What is his surname?
   — His surname is Ding.
   
4. — Who is there? Come in, please.
   
5. — Is teacher Wang here/at home?
   — He is not here.
   
6. — Where are you going?
   — I go to the post office to buy stamps.
   
7. — Does he also smoke?
   — He doesn’t smoke.
   
8. — Will he also go to China to study?
   — Yes (correct), he also studies Chinese.
   
9. — Let me introduce you. This is my good friend. His name is Zhang Wen. He is a professor.
   
10. — Do you use the dictionary?
    — Yes (use). My friend doesn’t use the dictionary. Ask him.
    
11. They all also come to our Institute to study English.
    
12. They all are also French students.
    
13. — I’m going to the shop for a pen and paper. Are you going (or not)?
    
14. — Does your friend speak Russian?
    — No, he is an Englishman.
    
15. — They all are going to the dormitory to drink tea. Are you all also going?
    
16. — Do you all study Chinese?
    — Yes, we all study.
    
17. — What (room) number does she live in?
    — She lives in (room) number 521.
    
18. — Will your friend come?
    — No, she’ll go to the Institute to return the dictionaries.
    
19. — Whose map is this?
    — Mine. Do you need it (or not)?
    — I’d like to use it. (lit.: I use it a little)
    
20. — What copy-book is this?
    — This is a Chinese copy-book.
    
21. — Do you need a pen now?
    — No. Please, take it (lit.: use it a little).
    
22. I’m going to the Institute to return to him a French copy-book.
    
23. — Hello. Come in, please.
    
24. — Welcome. Please, sit down, drink tea.
    
25. — Does he also speak Chinese?
    — No, he speaks English.
    
26. Are you also going to the Institute to return the books? — No, I’m going to the dormitory to visit/see my friends.
    
27. Are they all also Chinese? — No, they are not all Chinese, (but ) they all speak Chinese.
    
28. Not all students of the Institute of Foreign Languages are from England.
    
29. We all know him. He is our teacher, professor Ding.
    
30. We often speak French. We all study French.
    

Do you know?

Personal Names in China

The name of a Chinese (of the Han nationality or of some of China’s minority nationalities) is made up of two elements, the surname (xìng, 姓) and the given name (míngzi, 名字), with the former always preceding the latter.

Surnames or family names are usually monosyllabic characters, such as Wáng — 王, Lǐ — 李, Zhāng — 张, Chén — 陈, Dīng — 丁 etc. (Statistically, in China there are 93 mil. people with the surname 王, 92 mil. — with the surname 李 and 88 mil. — with the surname 张.) Only a few Chinese surnames, such as Ōuyáng, 欧阳 and Sīmǎ, 司马 are disyllabic.

Given names consist sometimes of two characters, such as Shuwen, and sometimes of only one, such as Yun. In present-day China, women retain their own surnames after marriage. Traditionally children have the same surname as their father though there are occasional cases of children using their mother’s surname.