Lesson 7
The imperative / Invitational mood in Korean
14. Sentences like ‘Go home.’ 집에 가십시오. /t͡ɕibe kaɕʰipɕʰio/
The imperative mood in formal polite style is formed by adding the ending -십시오/으십시오 (ɕʰipɕʰio/ɯɕʰipɕʰio) to the root of the verb. The ending -십시오 /ɕʰipɕʰio/ is used after a vowel, the ending -으십시오 /ɯɕʰipɕʰio/ is used after a consonant. If the root of the verb ends in ㄹ /ɭ/, this sound disappears when forming the imperative, and the ending -십시오 /ɕʰipɕʰio/ is added to the root.
Exercises
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Go home. |
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Drink/Have (some) wine. |
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(Please) give (me) the textbook. |
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Get up quickly. |
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Sit down. |
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Play the guitar (please). |
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Come (back) tomorrow. |
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(Please) Wait a little. |
Additional vocabulary
와인 | wine | |
들다 | to drink, eat (polite) | |
교과서 | textbook | |
주다 | to give | |
빨리 | quickly | |
일어나다 | to get up | |
앉다 | to sit (down) | |
기타 | guitar | |
치다 | to hit, to beat, to strike | |
기타를 치다 | to play the guitar | |
내일 | tomorrow | |
조금 | a little, a bit | |
기다리다 | to wait for, to await | |
15. Sentences like ‘Let’s have some tea’. 차를 마십시다. /t͡ɕʰarɯɭ maɕʰipɕʰida/
The verb ending -ㅂ시다/읍시다 (pɕʰida/ɯpɕʰida) is used to form the invitational mood. The ending -ㅂ시다 /pɕʰida/ is placed after a root ending in a vowel, -읍시다 /ɯpɕʰida/ – after a root ending in a consonant. If the root of the verb ends in ㄹ /ɭ/, then, as in the previous case, this sound disappears and the ending -ㅂ시다 /pɕʰida/ is added to the root.
Exercises
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Let’s have/drink (some) tea. |
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Let’s go to the theater. |
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Let’s cross the street. |
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Let’s sit on this bench. |
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Let’s eat potatoes. |
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Let’s sing. |
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Let’s wait for him. |
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Let’s drink juice. |
Additional vocabulary
극장 | theater | |
거리 | street | |
건너다 | to cross | |
벤치 | bench | |
감자 | potato | |
노래 | song | |
노래를 하다 | to sing | |
주스 | juice | |
16. Sentences like ‘Don’t read this book.’ 이 책을 읽지 마십시오. /i t͡ɕʰɛgɯɭ ikt͡ɕi maɕʰipɕʰio/
To form a negation in the imperative, replace the verb ending with -지 (t͡ɕi/d͡ʑi) and add the function verb 말다 /maɭda/ in the form of the polite imperative 마십시오 /maɕʰipɕʰio/.
Exercises
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Don’t read this book. |
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Don’t speak Russian. |
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Don’t wait for me. |
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Don’t watch that movie. |
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Don’t forget my address. |
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Don’t pray in that church. |
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Don’t believe his words. |
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Don’t open the window. |
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Don’t laugh. |
Additional vocabulary
러시아어 | the Russian language | |
영화 | movie | |
주소 | address | |
잊다 | to forget | |
교회 | church | |
기도 | prayer | |
기도하다 | to pray | |
믿다 | to believe | |
창문 | window | |
열다 | to open | |
웃다 | to laugh | |
17. Sentences like ‘Let’s not go overseas.’ 해외로 가지 맙시다. /hɛwero kad͡ʑi mapɕʰida/
To form the negative form of the invitational mood, you should also replace the verb ending -다 (ta/da) with the ending -지 (t͡ɕi/d͡ʑi) and add the verb 말다 /maɭda/ in the invitational form 맙시다 /mapɕʰida/.
Exercises
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Let’s not go overseas. |
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Let’s not close the door. |
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Let’s not cry. |
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Let’s not believe those rumors. |
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Let’s not make the phone call. |
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Let’s not take a taxi. |
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Let’s not drink green tea. |
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Let’s not climb mountains. |
Additional vocabulary
해외 | overseas | |
문 | door | |
닫다 | to close, to shut | |
울다 | to cry | |
소문 | rumour | |
전화 | telephone, phone | |
전화를 걸다 | to telephone, to phone, to make a call | |
택시 | taxi | |
잡다 | to take, to hold, to grab | |
녹차 | green tea | |
산 | mountain | |
등산하다 | to climb mountains, to hike | |