Lección 16
Verb ir + a + infinitive. II group of deviating conjugation. Verbs traer, poner, ser
Carmiña
Vocablos
el | golpe | blow, hit; knock (at the door) |
tímido, -a | shy, timid | |
sonar | to sound; to ring | |
delicioso | delightful, lovely; delicious | |
el | episodio | episode |
el | sueño | dream |
la | voz | voice |
mimoso, -a | affectionate | |
poder (puede ser) | can, to be able to, may (maybe, perhaps) | |
se puede | may I? | |
la | clase | class; kind |
la | precaución | precaution |
presenciar | to witness; to be present at | |
el | espectáculo | show, spectacle, performance |
inmoral | immoral | |
la | mano | hand |
traer | to bring | |
los | menesteres | necessities |
óptimo, -a | optimum, excellent | |
lentamente | slowly | |
poner | to put | |
aquí | here | |
el | azúcar | sugar |
incorporarse | to sit up | |
hacer uso | to make use | |
el | uso | use |
enumerado, -a | enumerated | |
de improviso | suddenly, unexpectedly | |
encantador, -a | charming | |
dar | to give | |
el | salto | jump, leap |
llenar | to fill (up) | |
el | asombro | amazement, surprise |
como | because | |
el | viajante | travel(l)ing salesperson |
tan | such, so | |
sinvergüenza | shameless; rogue, scoundrel | |
ponerse encendido, -a | to turn red/flushed | |
casarse | to get married, to marry | |
el | rapaciño | youngster |
(el) | señorito | young man; sir |
Notes
Expressions
¿se puede?
may I?
sí, ¡entra!
yes, come in!
dar un salto
take/make a leap
¿qué te pasa?
What’s the matter? What’s wrong (with you)?
¿te vas a casar?
Are you going to get married?
¡qué cosas!
What a thing to say (lit.: what things)!
Grammar points
1. The verb structure ir + a + infinitive
¿Te vas a casar?
Are you going to get married?
¿Vas a tener muchos hijos?
Are you going to have many children?
In Spanish, in order to express an action that is going to happen in the near future, there is a special verb structure that is formed with the verb ir in the present tense, the preposition a and the infinitive verb.
ir a + infinitive = to be going to do something (in the near future)
2. The second (II) group of deviating conjugation of irregular verbs
The verb sonar — to sound goes to the II group of deviating verbs.
When conjugating the verbs of this group, happens a small deviation from the usual conjugation, as with group I but a bit different.
In the verbs of the second group, the stem vowel o changes to the two vowel combination ue. Compare with the verbs of group I (see lesson 10), for example: comenzar — the vowel e changes to ie.
Presente
sonar — to sound | |||||
singular | plural | ||||
1. | sueno | I sound | sonamos | we sound | |
2. | suenas | you sound | sonáis | you sound | |
3. | suena | he sounds | suenan | they sound |
Imperativo
¡suena! | ring (it)! | |
¡sonad! | ring (it)! (e.g., a bell) |
3. The individual conjugation of the irregular verbs traer, poner, ser
The verb traer to bring, poner to put, ser to be conjugate in the following way:
Presente
traer — to bring | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | traigo | I bring | traemos | we bring |
2. | traes | you bring | traéis | you bring |
3. | trae | he brings | traen | they bring |
poner — to put | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | pongo | I put | ponemos | we put |
2. | pones | you put | ponéis | you put |
3. | pone | he puts | ponen | they put |
ser — to be | |||||
singular | plural | ||||
1. | soy | am | somos | are | |
2. | eres | are | sois | are | |
3. | es | is | son | are |
Imperativo
¡trae! | bring (it)! | ¡pon! | put (it)! | ¡sé! | be! |
¡traed! | bring (it)! | ¡poned! | put (it)! | ¡sed! | be! |
Note:
As was said earlier (lesson 5), you shouldn't confuse the verb ser with the verb estár. Remember the difference in their usage.
The verb ser is used to talk about permanent or lasting attributes, for example:
La mesa es amarilla.
The table is yellow.
Él es ingeniero.
He is an engineer.
The verb estar is used to indicate temporary states (mainly temporary mental or physical state), for example:
Él está de mal humor.
He is in a bad mood.
Ella está enferma.
She is sick.
The verb estar is also used to indicate locations, for example:
La pluma está sobre la mesa.
The pen is on the table.
Él está en la cama.
He is in bed.
Exercises
I. Translate into English:
José oye un golpe en la puerta, pero no se levanta. Entra Juana y ve a José en la cama. Juana pregunta: — ¿Qué te pasa? ¿Estás enfermo? — No estoy enfermo. Me gusta estar en la cama. ¿No es domingo? — Voy a comprar periódicos y pan para el desayuno — dice Juana. — ¿Vamos al cine hoy? — pregunta José. — No vamos al cine, vamos a casa de la abuela. — ¿Por qué? — pregunta José. — Porque la abuela está enferma. — ¿Dónde está Carmiña? — Carmiña prepara el desayuno. — ¿Vas a tomar el desayuno en la cama? — No, ya me levanto.
II. Translate into Spanish:
We get up and call Carminha, but she doesn’t hear. She is very busy. She writes a letter to her boyfriend. Carminha’s boyfriend works at the factory in Mardid. Carminha goes to the seamstress’s house because she is going to get married on Sunday. Carminha enters the room and sees Jose in bed, she turns red and looks at the floor. Carminha is a charming girl, but she doesn’t like (no le gustan) travelling salesmen. She says that they are scoundrels.