Lección 37
Continuous in Spanish (Estar + gerundio). Passive Voice
Miguel contesta a las preguntas de sus amigos ...
Vocablos
la | pregunta | question |
conversar | to talk, to converse, to chat | |
interrumpir | to interrupt | |
llover | to rain | |
inmenso, -a | immense, vast, enormous, great | |
el | clima | climate |
claro | clear; of course, sure | |
hecho | made, done | |
el | hecho | fact |
la | temporada | season |
el | otoño | autumn, fall |
agradable | nice, pleasant, agreeable | |
la | primavera | spring (season) |
el | frío | cold; hace frío it’s cold |
el | calor | heat, warmth; warm, hot |
el | invierno | winter |
la | nieve | snow |
llamarse | to be called/named | |
el | parlamento | parliament |
las | cortes | Cortes (Spanish parliament) |
el | congreso | congress |
el | diputado | deputy; representative, member of parliament |
el | Congreso de los Diputados | Congress of Deputies |
¡cómo no! | of course, sure, certainly | |
el | organismo | body |
político, -a | political | |
elevado | high; elevated |
Notes
The meaning of words and expressions:
Ese traje está mal hecho.
That suit is poorly made.
Es un hecho indiscutible.
It is an indisputable fact.
The word hecho in the first sentence is a passive participle formed from the verb hacer to do, to make and is translated into English accordingly done, made.
In the second sentence, hecho is a masculine noun and is translated as fact.
Learn the expressions:
estar conversando
to be having a conversation, to be conversing (at the moment)
a cada momento
at every moment, at every minute, all the time
va a llover
it’s going to rain
claro
clear; of course in the meaning: I see (it clearly)
la pregunta está mal hecha
the question is poorly asked/made
puede Vd. decirme algo...?
can you tell me something...?
sí ¡cómo no!
yes, of course!
hace frío (calor)
it’s cold (warm)
Grammar points
1. Continuous with estar + gerundio
están conversando
they are having a conversation
(at the moment)
está mirando por la ventana
she is looking out of the window
(at the moment)
The construction estar + gerundio indicates the continuous (progressive) form of the action. With its help you can form Present Continuous, Past Continuous or Future Continuous that are so common in English.
Examples:
Estoy leyendo la carta.
I am reading the letter.
Juan está estudiando ahora.
Juan is studying now.
Está lloviendo.
It is raining.
Juan estuvo estudiando ayer toda la tarde.
Juan was studying all afternoon yesterday.
Durante el paseo, Juan estaba pensando en su porvenir.
During the walk, Juan was thinking about his future.
Juan estará estudiando mañana.
Juan will be studying tomorrow.
The verbs ir, seguir, venir can also be used instead of estar but the meaning will be slightly different.
The construction ir + gerundio is used to stress the progression of the action, which is expressed by the second verb. It has the nuance of ‘doing something bit by bit.’ It is more emphatic than estar + gerundio. For example:
La epidemia va desarrollándose. The epidemic is gradually developing.
The construction seguir + gerundio is used express to keep on/continue doing something in Spanish. For example:
La epidemia sigue desarrolándose. The epidemic continues to develop. / The epidemic keeps on developing.
Note:
Never put infinitive after seguir.
The construction venir + gerundio is used to talk about actions in progress that have a starting point prior to the moment of speaking and this action continues to be in progress and could continue into the future. For example:
La epidemia viene desarrollándose. The epidemic has been developing.
2. Passive Voice
El libro fue escrito por Juan.
The book was written by Juan.
In Spanish, passive voice is formed with the verb ser and the passive participle of the main verb.
Passive voice can also be formed with the verb estar. Such passive structures occur in the sentence if:
there is a passive participle functioning as an adjective without an object, for example:
La pregunta está mal hecha.
The question is poorly made.
La carta está escrita.
The letter is written.
there is a location, for example:
La casa está construida en la orilla del mar.
The house is built on the seashore.
Exercises
I. Put estar + gerundio in the appropriate form instead of the verb in the indicative mood:
Example:
Juan trabaja — Juan está trabajando.
Juan trabajará — Juan estará trabajando.
José pasea con María. José con María. El padre y el abuelo conversan. El padre y el abuelo María y Juana beben té. María y Juana té. Los chicos jugaban en la calle. Los chicos en la calle. Las niñas lloraban. Las niñas . La madre bebía café. La madre café. Usted trabajará mañana todo el día. Usted mañana todo el día. ¿Hasta qué hora escucharán ustedes la música? ¿Hasta qué hora la música? María y Juana mirarán la revista de la moda y hablarán hasta la noche. María y Juana la revista de la moda y hasta la noche.
II. Translate into English:
III. Translate into Spanish: