Lección 46
Presente de Subjuntivo of Irregular Verbs. Subjuntivo with Impersonal Constructions
El consejo (Continuación)
Vocablos
quedarse | to stay | |
la | continuación | continuation |
continuar | to continue | |
barbotar | to mumble | |
el | puro | pure; cigar |
humeante | smoking; steaming | |
acostarse | to lie down; to go to bed | |
inmediatamente | immediately, at once | |
es que | it’s just that | |
entender | to understand | |
agregar | to add | |
jovialmente | jovially, cheerfully, in a jolly way | |
el | demonio | demon, devil; hell |
la | extravagancia | extravagance; eccentricity |
prescindir | to disregard | |
incorregible | incorrigible | |
sumergido, -a | submerged, immersed | |
la | tristeza | sadness, sorrow |
infinito | infinite | |
carga | charge, attack | |
volver a la carga | to return to the charge/attack, to strike again, to bring up the subject again | |
el | polvo | powder; dust |
el | estómago | stomach |
anteayer | the day before yesterday | |
la | sábana | (bed-)sheet |
el | lado | side |
la | lluvia | rain |
extrañarse | to be surprised | |
la | bronconeumonía | bronchopneumonia |
Notes
Usage of es que
es que it’s just that ...
In Spanish, the construction es que is used in affirmative sentences, usually expressing the explanation for the reason of an action. Such sentences appear in responces substantiating the act. For example:
¿Por qué no vas al cine con nosotros, no tienes ganas?
Why aren’t you going to the movies with us, you don’t want to?
No es esto, es que tengo que estudiar.
It’s not this, it’s just that I have to study.
Learn the expressions:
ya es tarde
it’s already/too late
volver a la carga
to return to the charge, to bring up the subject again, to insist
de este modo
in this manner/way, this way, thus
es preciso
it is necessary, must be, should be, need be
la manera de ser
the way to be
Grammar points
1. Presente de subjuntivo of irregular verbs of individual conjugation
Quiero que hagas.
I want you to do.
Quiero que vayas.
I want you to go.
Irregular verbs in presente de subjuntivo have the same deviations as in the present tense of the indicative mood, e.g.:
verb hacer:
— present tense, ind. mood
presente de subjuntivo
hago
haga
verb ir:
— present tense, ind. mood
presente de subjuntivo
voy
vaya
Presente de subjuntivo
of irregular verbs of individual conjugation
hacer to do, to make | |||
(que) | haga | me to do | |
hagas | you to do | ||
haga | him to do | ||
hagamos | us to do | ||
hagáis | you to do | ||
hagan | them to do |
decir to say, to tell | |||
(que) | diga | me to say | |
digas | you to say | ||
diga | him to say | ||
digamos | us to say | ||
digáis | you to say | ||
digan | them to say |
venir to come | |||
(que) | venga | me to come | |
vengas | you to come | ||
venga | him to come | ||
vengamos | us to come | ||
vengáis | you to come | ||
vengan | them to come |
estar to be | |||
(que) | esté | me to be | |
estés | you to be | ||
esté | him to be | ||
estemos | us to be | ||
estéis | you to be | ||
estén | them to be |
ser to be | |||
(que) | sea | me to be | |
seas | you to be | ||
sea | him to be | ||
seamos | us to be | ||
seáis | you to be | ||
sean | them to be |
ir to go | |||
(que) | vaya | me to go | |
vayas | you to go | ||
vaya | him to go | ||
vayamos | us to go | ||
vayáis | you to go | ||
vayan | them to go |
The verbs poner, tener, traer, salir are conjugated the same way as venir:
que yo ponga, tenga
me to put, to have etc.
que yo traiga, salga
me to bring, to go out etc.
The verb poder can, to be able to in presente de subjuntivo is conjugated the following way:
poder can, to be able to | |||
(que) | pueda | me to be able to | |
puedas | you to be able to | ||
pueda | him to be able to | ||
podamos | us to be able to | ||
podáis | you to be able to | ||
puedan | them to be able to |
The verb dormir to sleep is conjugated the same way as poder:
dormir to sleep | |||
(que) | duerma | me to sleep | |
duermas | you to sleep | ||
duerma | him to sleep | ||
durmamos | us to sleep | ||
durmáis | you to sleep | ||
duerman | them to sleep |
The irregular verbs of deviating conjugation that belong to group I, the same as comenzar, in presente de subjuntivo, are conjugated the following way:
comenzar to begin, to start | |||
(que) | comience | me to begin | |
comiences | you to begin | ||
comience | him to begin | ||
comencemos | us to begin | ||
comencéis | you to begin | ||
comiencen | them to begin |
Так же спрягается глагол empezar to start, to begin:
empezar to start, to begin | |||
(que) | empiece | me to start | |
empieces | you to start etc. |
The deviating verbs of group III, as conocer — to know, to meet, are conjugated the following way:
conocer to know, to meet | |||
(que) | conozca | me to know | |
conozcas | you to know | ||
conozca | him to know | ||
conozcamos | us to know | ||
conozcáis | you to know | ||
conozcan | them to know |
2. The combination of presente de subjuntivo with impersonal constructions
es preciso que cambies
you must change ... (lit.: it is necessary that you change)
After impersonal constructions expressing the necessity of an action subjuntivo is used, e.g.:
es preciso que estudies
you need to study ...
Exercises
I. Put the verbs below in the correct form of presente de subjuntivo. Recall their conjugation in the present tense of the indicative mood and compare it with presente de subjuntivo.
pensar
cerrar
contar
que
yo
tú
él
Vd.
Vds.
nosotros
vosotros
ellas
volver
preferir
que
yo
tú
él
Vd.
Vds.
nosotros
vosotros
ellas
II. Substitute the verbs given in brackets with the appropriate form according to the example: in sentence 1, use the verb in the present tense of the indicative mood; in sentence 2, in the present tense of subjuntivo.
Example:
1. José viene tarde.
2. Su mamá quiere que venga temprano.
¿Qué (hacer) Vd.? ¿Puedo pedirle que otra cosa? Juana no (conocer) a los amigos de Juan. Juan quiere que los Nosotros (comenzar) a trabajar mañana. Nos piden que hoy. Ellos (ir) al cine. José quiere que al teatro. Vds. (poder) quedarse aquí, para que descansar mejor. Ellos (estar) en casa la abuela. Es preciso que aquí a las dos. Juan y José (ser) estudiantes. Papá quiere que buenos estudiantes.
III. Translate into English:
Juan pide a Juana que vaya con él a pasear. Juana quiere que Carmencita vaya con ellos. Viene José y les pide que esperen, porque quiere que Carmen llame a María para que venga a casa. Carmen sale. José dice: — Carmen es una chica buena, quiero que sea siempre como ahora. — ¿Para que vaya siempre a buscar a María? — pregunta Juan. — No seas malo. No quiero que tenga que llamar siempre a María. — Bueno. ¿Y cuando nos leerás la continuación del cuento? Queremos que lo hagas pronto para que podamos saber como termina. — Es preciso que nos reunamos mañana para que lo termines. Hay que decir a María que venga también y hay que pedir a mamá que esté en casa para que nos traiga buen café, como siempre.
IV. Translate into Spanish:
— I ask you to do me a favor. I want Maria to go with me to her aunt’s house, but she won’t go alone. May I ask you to tell her that you will go too? And don’t forget that aunt wants us to be at her house early. — Why early? — Because she wants us to meet a lady, who has just arrived from London. — Should we take something to the aunt? Maybe flowers? No, she doesn’t want us to bring her flowers, when we go to her house.