La opinión

¡Pobre Carolina mía!
¡Nunca la podré olvidar!
Ved lo que el mundo decía
Viendo el féretro pasar:

Un clérigo — ¡Empiece el canto!
El doctor — ¡Cesó el sufrir!
El padre — ¡Me ahoga el llanto!
La madre — ¡Quiero morir!

Un muchacho — ¡Qué adornada!
Un joven — ¡Era muy bella!
Una moza — ¡Desgraciada!
Una vieja — ¡Feliz ella!

¡Duerme en paz! — dicen los buenos.
¡Adiós! — dicen los demás.
Un filósofo — ¡Uno menos!
Un poeta — ¡Un ángel más!

Grammar

5 groups of irregular verbs of deviating conjugation

From the previous lessons you know that there are 5 groups of deviating verbs .

Deviating verbs of group I

Group I of deviating verbs includes:

a) A large number of verbs of conjugation I and II with the vowel e in the penultimate syllable and some verbs of conjugation III like discernir to discern, concernir to concern, where e under stress changes into ie. It happens in the 1, 2, 3 persons singular and the 3^rd person plural of the present tense of the indicative and conjunctive moods, and also in 2^nd person singular of the imperative mood.

Presente de indicativo

Presente de subjuntivo

Imperativo

There are no other deviations in the other forms.

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb comenzar:

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb perder:

b) The verbs of conjugation III hervir and rehervir and also all the verbs ending in -entir, -erir, -ertir where e under stress changes into ie. It happens in all the tenses mentioned above. Moreover, in 3^rd person singular and plural of pretérito simple, in all the forms of subjuntivo and in gerundio, i appears instead of e, for example:

There are no other deviations in the other tenses.

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb sentir:

c) The verb servir to serve and all the verbs ending in -ebir, -edir, -egir, -eguir, -eir, -emir, -enchir, -endir, -enir, -estir, -etir where e under stress changes into i in the 1, 2, 3 persons singular and in the 3^rd person plural of the present tense of the indicative mood, in 3^rd person singular and plural of pretérito simple, in all the tenses of subjuntivo, in gerundio, and also in the 2^nd person of imperativo.

There are no other deviations of the verbs mentioned above in the other tenses.

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb repetir:

Note:

The verbs that end in the infinitive form in -chir, -nir lose i in the endings: -ió, -ieron, -iese (etc.), -iera (etc.), -iendo, thus: hincheron (although: repitieron), tiñendo (although: repitiendo) etc.

The verbs that end in -eir, while changing e into i, lose one i, thus, instead of: fri-iese, we have: friese, friendo etc.

Deviating verbs of group II

Group II of deviating verbs includes:

a) verbs of conjugation I and II, where root o under stress changes into ue.

The changes happen in the same forms that you know from group I.

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb contar:

Verbs of conjugation I

The following verbs are conjugated in the same way as the verb volver:

Verbs of conjugation II

As an exception, the deviations of group II apply to the verb jugar — to play where u changes into ue: juego, juegas etc.

b) verbs of conjugation III dormir to sleep, morir to die that change o into ue in the 1, 2, 3 persons singular and in the 3^rd person plural of the present tense of the indicative and conjunctive moods, and also in the 2^nd person singular of the imperative mood. Moreover, u appear instead of o in the 3^rd person singular and plural of pretérito simple, in all forms of subjuntivo, and also in gerundio.

The participle dormido formed of the verb dormir is a regular form, but the verb morir is formed with a deviation and has an irregular form — muerto.

Deviating verbs of group III

Group III of deviating verbs includes:

a) all verbs that end in the infinitive form in -acer, -ecer, -ocer, -ucir (except mecer to swing, hacer to do, placer to please, yacer to lie, cocer to cook, escocer to sting, to burn, and also the verbs ending in -ducir).

When conjugating these verbs, the letter z appear before с [k] in the 1^st person singular of the indicative mood and in all persons of the present tense of the conjunctive mood.

conocer to know, to meet
Presente de indicativo		Presente de subjuntivo
conozco		conozca
conoces		conozcas
conoce		conozca
conocemos		conozcamos
conocéis		conozcáis
conocen		conozcan

b) verbs ending in -ducir, except for the deviation from point a above, in the simple past of the indicative mood and the imperfect past of the conjunctive mood, change c into j, moreover, i is omitted after j in these tenses, therefore, instead of: conduciera there is: condujera.

Deviating verbs of group IV

Group IV of deviating verbs includes all verbs that end in the infinitive form in -uir and -üir (after g, as in: argüir to argue), except for inmiscuir to interfere.

The peculiarity of this group of verbs is that in singular number and in the 3^rd person plural of the present tense of the indicative mood, in all persons of the present tense of the conjunctive mood and also in the 2^nd person singular of the imperative mood, the vowel y appear after the root vowel u before the endings a, e, o.

Deviating verbs of group V

Group V of deviating verbs includes all verbs that end in -añer, -eñir, -uñir, -eller and -ullir. The peculiarity of these verbs is the omission of the vowel i in the 3^rd person of pretérito simple, and also in all the derivative forms, i.e.: -io, -ieron, -iera, -ieras, -iese, -ieses etc., and also -iendo, for example:

but:

tañía		as comía
henchido		as vivido
reñiste		as escribiste

Note:

Verbs that end in the infinitive form in -irir change -i- under stress into -ie, e.g.:

adquirir to acquire
adquiero
adquieres, but adquirió