Lección 11
Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns in Spanish
Los señores de Ramírez
Vocablos
lavar | to wash | |
la | cocina | kitchen |
preparar | to prepare | |
levantarse | to get up, to stand up | |
lavarse | to wash (oneself) | |
peinarse | to comb one’s hair | |
desayunar | to (have) breakfast | |
el | pan | bread |
la | mantequilla | butter |
el | queso | cheese |
el | café | coffee |
afeitarse | to shave (oneself) | |
es tarde | it’s late | |
dice | says (3 p. sing.) | |
ir (se) | to go; to leave | |
el | trabajo | work |
el | empleado | employee |
el | ministerio | ministry |
la | relación | relation |
exterior | exterior, outer; foreign | |
el | restaurante | restaurant |
quedar (se) | to stay | |
después | then; after | |
pasear | to go for a walk | |
el | cine | cinema, movies |
Learn the expressions:
por la tarde
in the afternoon
por la noche
at night, in the evening
Grammar points
1. Reflexive Pronouns
In English, we have words myself, himself etc. They are called reflexive pronouns. In Spanish, reflexive pronouns are used differently. Here they are:
singular | plural | |||||
yo — me | myself | nosotros — nos | ourselves | |||
tú — te | yourself | vosotros — os | yourselves | |||
él | se | himself | ellos | se | themselves | |
ella | herself | ellas | themselves | |||
Vd. | yourself | Vds. | yourselves |
2. Conjugation of Reflexive Verbs
A reflexive verb is one where the subject and object are the same, and where the action ‘reflects back’ on the subject. It is used with a reflexive pronoun such as myself, yourself and herself in English, for example, I washed myself; He shaved himself.
lavar | to wash | lavarse | to wash (oneself) | ||
yo lavo | I wash | yo me lavo | I wash myself | ||
tú lavas | you wash | tú te lavas | you wash yourself | ||
él lava | he washes | él | se lava |
he washes himself | |
ella lava | she washes | ella | she washes herself | ||
Vd. lava | you wash | Vd. | you wash yourself | ||
nosotros lavamos | we wash | nosotros nos lavamos | we wash ourselves | ||
vosotros laváis | you wash | vosotros os laváis | you wash yourselves | ||
ellos | lavan |
they wash (m.) | ellos se lavan | they wash themselves (m.) | |
ellas | they wash (f.) | ellas se lavan | they wash themselves (f.) | ||
Vds. | you wash | Vds. se lavan | you wash yourselves |
In Spanish, reflexive verbs are much more common than in English. We may not use reflexive pronouns in an English sentence, like here in Don’t you shave? because we know who are we talking about here, but in Spanish it will be ¿No te afeitas? where the reflexive pronoun is conjugated with the reflexive verb.
In the infinitive form, reflexive pronouns are written with verbs in one word, like this:
afeitarse, peinarse, levantarse
Exercises
I. Answer the following questions:
¿Cuándo se levanta el señor Ramírez? ¿Qué toma para el desayuno? ¿Dónde trabaja el señor Ramírez? ¿Dónde trabaja el señor López? ¿Dónde trabaja la señora de Ramírez? ¿Hasta qué hora trabaja el señor Ramírez? ¿A qué hora van los señores de Ramírez al cine? ¿Cuándo regresan a casa?
II. Translate into English:
Me levanto a las siete, me afeito, me lavo y voy al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores donde trabajo. Por el camino compro siempre dos periódicos. Desayuno en el Ministerio, trabajo siete horas, termino a las cuatro y regreso a casa. Por la tarde voy al cine.
III. Translate exercise II into Spanish two times:
1. using the verbs in 2nd person singular: tú te levantas etc.
2. using the verbs in 1st person plural: nosotros nos levantamos etc.
IV. Translate into Spanish (using reflexive verbs):