Lección 45
Presente de Subjuntivo (conjugation II and III)
El consejo
Vocablos
| el | consejo | (piece of) advice; council, board |
| cómico | funny, comical; comic | |
| el | favor | favor, favour |
| permitir | to allow, to permit, to let | |
| atacar | to attack | |
| el | paludismo | malaria |
| oscilar | to range, to vary, to fluctuate; to oscillate | |
| la | desesperación | desperation, despair |
| la | fiebre | fever; (high) temperature |
| cuarenta | forty | |
| vagar | to wander, to roam | |
| entero | entire, whole | |
| nadie | nobody, no one; anybody, anyone | |
| el | céntimo | centimo, cent, pence |
| el | consuelo | consolation, comfort, solace |
| la | caída | fall |
| rendido, -a | exhausted, worn-out | |
| meterse | to go in/to/into; to get involved, to interfere | |
| el | domicilio | home, domicile, residence; address |
| antiguo | old, antique, ancient | |
| solicitar | to request, to ask for | |
| el | socorro | help, aid, assistance |
| enfrentarse | to face, to confront | |
| el | despacho | office |
| traer | to bring, to carry, to wear | |
| eso es | indeed | |
| corroborar | corroborate | |
| murmurar | to murmur, to whisper |
Notes
Learn the expressions:
al mismo tiempo
at the same time, simultaneously
en alta voz
loudly, aloud, with a loud voice
horas enteras
whole hours, hours and hours
a la caída de la tarde
at the end of the afternoon, in the late afternoon, at nightfall, at sunset etc.
Grammar
Presente de subjuntivo, conjugation II and III
Quiero que comáis.
I want you to eat.
Quieres que escriba.
You want me to write.
The present tense of subjuntivo (presente de subjuntivо) for verbs of conjugation II and III is formed from the stem of infinitive verbs with the following endings:
Presente de subjuntivo, conjugation I, II and III
| conjugation I | ||||
| tomar — to take | ||||
| (que) | tome | me to take | tomemos | us to take |
| tomes | you to take | toméis | you to take | |
| tome | him to take | tomen | them to take | |
| conjugation II | ||||
| comer — to eat | ||||
| (que) | coma | me to eat | comamos | us to eat |
| comas | you to eat | comáis | you to eat | |
| coma | him to eat | coman | them to eat | |
| conjugation III | ||||
| partir — to divide, to split, to cut | ||||
| (que) | parta | me to split | partamos | us to split |
| partas | you to split | partáis | you to split | |
| parta | him to split | partan | them to split | |
Presente de subjuntivo
Negative form
| tomar — to take | ||||
| (que) | yo no tome | me not to take | nosotros no tomemos | us not to take |
| tú no tomes | you not to take | vosotros no toméis | you not to take | |
| él no tome | him not to take | ellos no tomen | them not to take | |
Interrogative form
¿(que) tome (yo)?
¿que tomemos (nosotros)?
¿(que) tomes (tú)?
¿que toméis (vosotros)?
¿(que) tome (él)?
¿que tomen (ellos)?
In the interrogative form of presente de subjuntivo, as usual, the subject goes after the predicate.
In the interrogative sentences, personal pronouns, essentially, are not used, e.g.:
¿Quiere Vd. que tomemos café?
Would you like to drink coffee?
Note:
The subordinating conjunction para que in the meaning (in order) to requires subjuntivo, e.g.:
para que escuche ...
for her to listen ...
Conjugation of reflexive verbs
Presente de subjuntivo
| lavarse — to wash (oneself) | ||
| (que) | yo me lave | me to wash up |
| tú te laves | you to wash up | |
| él se lave | him to wash up | |
| nosotros nos lavemos | us to wash up | |
| vosotros os lavéis | you to wash up | |
| ellos se laven | them to wash up | |
Negative form
(que) yo no me lave
me not to wash up
(que) tú no te laves
you not to wash up etc.
Interrogative form
¿(que) me lave (yo)?
me to wash up?
¿(que) te laves (tú)
you to wash up? etc.
Exercises
I. Write the verbs given below in presente de subjuntivo:
escuchar
escribir
que
yo
tú
él
Vds.
nosotros
vosotros
ellas
beber
cantar
que
yo
tú
él
Vds.
nosotros
vosotros
ellas
II. Substitute the verbs given in brackets with the appropriate form according to the example: in sentence 1, use the verb in the present tense of the indicative mood; in sentence 2, in the present tense of subjuntivo.
Example:
1. José lee un cuento.
2. Carmen pide que José lea un cuento.
Nosotros (escribir) Carmen pide que le algo. Carmen no (comer) la sopa. Mamá quiere que Carmen la sopa. Vd. (beber) mucho café. Ella no quiere que Vd. café. ¿Qué (mirar) ella? No quiero que por la ventana. ¿Con quién (hablar) vosotros? No quiero que con ellos. ¿Por qué (tú) (subir) la escalera? No quiero que la escalera.
III. Translate into English:
— Carmencita; ¿por qué no comes la sopa? — pregunta mamá. Mamá quiere que comas la sopa ¿has oído? — dice José. — Mamá quiere también que bebas la leche, ¿por qué no la bebes? — La voy a beber, para que no me preguntes nada más? — José, ¿puedo pedirte que me escribas una carta? — ¿Por qué no la escribes tú misma, por qué quieres que la escriba yo? — Es para Miguel y yo no sé el ruso? — Ni yo tampoco. Escribamos en español, él lo comprende muy bien. Dime lo que quieres escribir. — Escribe: Querido amigo Miguel: le pido a Vd. que me mande un libro de cuentos rusos con muchos dibujos y que nos escriba una carta, así tendré sellos rusos que he prometido dar a mis amigos.
IV. Translate into Spanish:
Juan asks Juana to eat with him at the restaurant. Juana says she has to ask her parents to let her. — Don’t ask them — Juan says. — Don’t talk like that. I’ll go with you, but I want you to ask them. — Okay. Do you allow Juana to go to the restaurant with me today? — No. There is good food at home. I want you to eat at home. — Maybe you allow her to go with me, I want to introduce her to my friends. — We are in Spain, she cannot go alone with you. — Jose also goes with us. — Then let Jose ask the father and let me work.
