Lección 52
Pretérito Imperfecto de Subjuntivo. Como + Subjuntivo. Tropezar
La casa de Tagle
— Si hoy termino temprano mi trabajo, iremos al cine — dice Juan a Juana.
— Y si terminaras tarde, nos quedaríamos en casa y José nos leería algo.
— Si terminaseis de hablar, os leería ahora mismo.
— Lee pues.
— ¡Escuchad!
Vocablos
adornar | to decorate, to adorn | |
amplio, -a | wide, spacious | |
la | fachada | facade |
el | escudo | shield, coat of arms |
caballero armado | armed knight | |
de punto | knitted | |
lidiar | to fight, to deal with, to cope with | |
el | dragón | dragon |
el | castillo | castle; fort |
la | presencia | presence |
la | divisa | motto |
la | sierpe | serpent |
matar | to kill, to slaughter | |
la | infanta | princess; infant |
época | time; era; period; age; epoch | |
el | refinamiento | refinement |
el | aseo | hygiene, cleanliness |
la | droga | medicine, drug |
insecticida | insecticidal; insecticide | |
conocido, -a | known; famous | |
menos | less, fewer | |
reverendo, -a | revered; reverend | |
el | fraile | friar |
posar | to place, to rest, to stay | |
caballeresco | chivalrous | |
dejar | to let, to leave | |
conciliar | to reconcile | |
conciliar el sueño | to fall/get asleep | |
el | parásito | parasite |
diminuto, -a | tiny, diminutive | |
impertinente | impertinent | |
fosco, -a | gloomy | |
endiablado, -a | devilish | |
el | balcón | balcony |
respirar | to breathe | |
despejar | to clear (up) (doubts or confusion) | |
aturdido, -a | dazed, stunned, in a daze; bewildered | |
tropezar | to run into; to stumble, to trip | |
la | mirada | look, gaze; glance |
el | blasón | blazon, crest, coat of arms |
el | carbón | coal; charcoal; carbon |
debajo | underneath, below, under | |
lírico | lyric, lyrical | |
el | arrechucho | sudden impulse, outburst |
la | pulga | flea |
la | reina | queen |
Learn the expressions:
de punto en blanco
knitted in white
conciliar el sueño
to fall asleep
por la gracia de
by the grace of
Grammar points
1. The imperfect past tense of the conjunctive mood (pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo). Verbs of conjugation I
Si terminaras tarde, nos quedaríamos.
If you finished late, we would stay.
Si terminaseis ... leería.
If you finished ..., I would read.
The usage of pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo is possible only if the verb of the main clause, which requires the usage of, is in a past tense or in the conditional mood, e.g.:
Te pido que cantes.
I ask you to sing.
Te pedía que cantaras (or: cantases).
I was asking you to sing.
Te pedí que cantaras (or: cantases).
I asked you to sing.
Te pediría que cantaras (or: cantases).
I would ask you to sing.
Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo for verbs of I is formed from the stem of infinitive verbs and the following endings:
or:
Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo | ||||
tomar — to take | ||||
(que) (si) | tomara | tomase | that if I took | |
tomaras | tomases | that if you took | ||
tomara | or: | tomase | that if he took | |
tomáramos | tomásemos | that if we took | ||
tomarais | tomaseis | that if you took | ||
tomaran | tomasen | that if they took |
In South Amerika the ending -ra is mainly used. Sometimes, subjuntivo (with -ra) functions as the conditional mood, e.g.:
Si las pulgas matara con la reina se casara (instead of casaría).
If he killed the fleas, he would marry the queen.
Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo is mainly used in subordinate clauses with the conjunction si. Therefore, in the main clause, the verb is in the conditional mood, e.g.:
Si comprara un sombrero estaría contenta.
If I bought a hat, I would be happy.
Si Carmen estudiara no hablaría tanto.
If Carmen studied, she wouldn’t talk so much.
Si preguntásemos a Juan nos contestaría.
If we asked Juan, he would answer us.
If the conjunction si is used with the present tense of the indicative mood, then it the verb means a real condition when the action is feasible. In this case, the verb in the main clause goes in the future tense of the indicative mood (futuro de indicativo), e.g.:
Si hablo con José, leerá algo.
If I talk to Jose, he will read something.
Si tengo tiempo, iré al teatro.
If I have time, I will go to the theater.
2. The usage of como + subjuntivo
como no le dejasen conciliar el sueño
as they would not let him sleep/fall asleep
Como in the meaning as, since, if does not require imperfecto de subjuntivo, but it is possible to use imperfecto de subjuntivo instead of pretérito simple or compuesto, the meaning of the sentence does not change, e.g.:
como no le dejasen conciliar el sueño
as they would not let him fall asleep
como no le dejaron conciliar el sueño
as they did not let him fall asleep
In a sentence with presente de indicativo, the use of como expresses a different meaning than in a sentence with presente de subjuntivo, например:
como no le dejen conciliar el sueño
if they do not let him fall asleep
como no le dejan conciliar el sueño
as they do not let him fall asleep
3. The conjugation of the irregular verb tropezar
tropezar — to run into; to stumble, to trip | ||||
Presente de indicativo | ||||
1. | tropiezo | I stumble | tropezamos | we stumble |
2. | tropiezas | you stumble | tropezáis | you stumble |
3. | tropieza | he stumbles | tropiezan | they stumble |
Pretérito simple | ||||
1. | tropecé | I stumbled | tropezamos | we stumbled |
2. | tropezaste | you stumbled | tropezásteis | you stumbled |
3. | tropezó | he stumbled | tropezaron | they stumbled |
Presente de subjuntivo | |||
(que) | tropiece | me to stumble | |
tropieces | you to stumble | ||
tropiece | him to stumble | ||
tropecemos | us to stumble | ||
tropecéis | you to stumble | ||
tropiecen | them to stumble |
Note:
In all the other tenses, the verb tropezar is conjugated without deviations.
Exercises
I. Put the verbs below in the correct form, using imperfecto de subjuntivo with -ra.
adornar (to decorate)
despejar (to clear up)
matar (to kill)
si
yo
tú
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
II. Repeat exercise I using the verbs in imperfecto de subjuntivo with -se.
adornar
despejar
matar
si
yo
tú
Vd.
él
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
III. Put the verbs given in brackets in the correct form according to the example: in sentence 1, use presente de subjuntivo; in sentence 2, imperfecto de subjuntivo.
Example:
Juan pide que Carmen (cante).
Juan pidió que Carmen cantara (-se).
José quiere que María (escuchar) el cuento.
José quería que María (escuchar) el cuento.
Es preciso que Pepe (trabajar) mucho.
Era preciso que Pepe (trabajar) mucho.
Mamá quiere que Juan (comprar) un sombrero.
Mamá quería que Juan (comprar) un sombrero.
No quiero que Vd. (estudiar) tanto.
No quería que Vd. (estudiar) tanto.
IV. Put the verbs given in brackets in the correct form according to the example: in sentence 1, use the conditional mood; in sentence 2, imperfecto de subjuntivo.
Example: Estaría contento si Juana comprara (se) un vestido.
Nosotros (estar) con papá, si trabajar en casa. Nosotros (tomar) café, si Vds. lo (preparar) . Ellos (terminar) pronto, si nosotros les (ayudar) . Nosotros (escuchar) a Vds. si (cantar) Carmen (cantar) , si vosotros la (escuchar) .
V. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense using real condition:
Si (ver) a Juana, le (decir) algo. Si Carmen (cantar) todos (escuchar) . Si Vds. (preparar) café, todos lo (tomar) . Si María (poder) , (ir) al teatro con nosotros. Si tú no (hablar) mucho, (poder) trabajar.