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Lección 24

Irregular verbs ver, encontrar, pedir. Personal pronouns (continuation)

Pepe ha reñido con María

José encuentra a Juan en la esquina de la calle.

— ¡Hola, Juan! ¿Adónde vas?

— A la casa donde vives, a casa de mi novia.

— Bueno. ¿No quieres tomar antes un vaso de vino conmigo?

— ¿Qué te pasa, Pepe?

— No me pasa nada. ¿Quieres o no quieres?

— Bueno.

Juan y José entran en la primera taberna que encuentran y piden jerez. text translation

La taberna está llena de gente. Juan ve a unos conocidos.

— ¿Ves a aquellos hombres? — pregunta Juan.

— Sí, los veo. ¿Por qué me preguntas?

— Son amigos de mi padre, podemos sentarnos a su mesa de ellos.

— No los conozco, ¿qué voy a decirles?
— Pepe, ¿has reñido con María?

— No quiero hablar de mujeres, no las quiero ver, no quiero oir nada de ellas, quiero beber mi vino. ¡Bebe tu vino, Juan! El vino es „la bebida cantada por los poetas... en el vino encuentra el poeta inspiración, el soldado ardimiento, el trabajador fuerza, el enfermo salud... En el vino halla el hombre goce y alegría y el anciano fortaleza. El vino excita la inteligencia, aviva la imaginación, fortifica la voluntad, mantiene la energía” ...

— ¡Basta, Pepe! Estás ebrio ya.

— No, Juan, no estoy borracho, he leído todo esto en „La Bodega”, de Blasco Ibáñez Hint

Vocablos

	reñir	to quarrel, to argue
	encontrar	to meet, to encounter; to find
la	esquina	corner
	antes	before
el	vaso	glass, cup
la	taberna	tavern
	pedir	to ask (for); to order
el	jerez	sherry
la	gente	people
	conocer	to know
	conocido, -a	acquaintance; famous
	hombre	man; mankind
	sentarse	to sit (down)
la	mujer	woman; wife
la	bebida	drink, beverage
la	inspiración	inspiration
el	soldado	soldier
el	ardimiento	courage; dash
el	trabajador	worker; (hard)working
la	fuerza	strength
la	salud	health
	hallar	to find
el	goce	enjoyment, pleasure
la	alegría	joy, happiness
el	anciano	old/elderly man/woman; elder
la	fortaleza	strength; fortitude
	excitar	to excite, to arouse
la	inteligencia	intelligence
	avivar	to liven up, to enliven; to brighten up
la	imaginación	imagination
	fortificar	to fortify; to strengthen
la	voluntad	will; willpower
	mantener	to support, to maintain; to keep; to hold
la	energía	energy
	ebrio, -a	drunk (formal)
	borracho, -a	drunk (informal)
	todavía	still (with positive and negative clauses); yet (with negative clauses)

Remember the expressions:

¿adónde vas?

where are you going?

¿qué te pasa?

What’s the matter? What’s wrong (with you)?

a su mesa

to/at their table

Grammar points

1. The conjugation of the verbs ver, encontrar, pedir

The verb ver to see is an irregular verb of individual conjugation; the verb encontrar to meet, to encounter; to find belongs to group II of deviating verbs, and the verb pedir to ask (for); to order belongs to group I of deviating verbs.

Presente
ver — to see
singular			plural
1.	veo	I see	vemos	we see
2.	ves	you see	veis	you see
3.	ve	he sees	ven	they see
encontrar — to meet, to encounter; to find
singular			plural
1.	encuentro	I meet	encontramos	we meet
2.	encuentras	you meet	encontráis	you meet
3.	encuentra	he meets	encuentran	they meet
pedir — to ask (for); to order
singular			plural
1.	pido	I ask	pedimos	we ask
2.	pides	you ask	pedís	you ask
3.	pide	he asks	piden	they ask

Pretérito imperfecto
ver — to see
singular			plural
1.	veía	I was seeing	veíamos	we were seeing
2.	veías	you were seeing	veíais	you were seeing
3.	veía	he was seeing	veían	they were seeing
encontrar — to meet, to encounter; to find
singular			plural
1.	encontraba	I was meeting	encontrábamos	we were meeting
2.	encontrabas	you were meeting	encontrabais	you were meeting
3.	encontraba	he was meeting	encontraban	they were meeting
pedir — to ask (for); to order
singular			plural
1.	pedía	I was asking	pedíamos	we were asking
2.	pedías	you were asking	pedíais	you were asking
3.	pedía	he was asking	pedían	they were asking

Pretérito perfecto
ver — to see
singular			plural
1.	he visto	I have seen	hemos visto	we have seen
2.	has visto	you have seen	habéis visto	you have seen
3.	ha visto	he has seen	han visto	they have seen
encontrar — to meet, to encounter; to find
singular			plural
1.	he encontrado	I have met	hemos encontrado	we have met
2.	has encontrado	you have met	habéis encontrado	you have met
3.	ha encontrado	he has met	han encontrado	they have met
pedir — to ask (for); to order
singular			plural
1.	he pedido	I have asked	hemos pedido	we have asked
2.	has pedido	you have asked	habéis pedido	you have asked
3.	ha pedido	he has asked	han pedido	they have asked

Imperativo

¡ve!	see!	¡encuentra!	meet!	¡pide!	ask!
¡ved!	see!	¡encontrad!	meet!	¡pedid!	ask!

2. Personal pronouns (continuation)

In lesson 20, we talked about the usage of personal pronouns in singular. In this lesson, the table of personal pronouns is given in plural.

Table of personal pronouns

Plural
nosotros, -as	we	vosotros, -as	you (pl.)
nosotros, -as	we	vosotros, -as	you
de nosotros, -as	of us	de vosotros, -as	of you
nos (a para	to us,	os (a para	to you,
nosotros, -as)	for us	vosotros, -as)	for you
nos (a nosotros, -as)	(sees) us	os (a vosotros, -as)	(sees) you
con nosotros, -as	with us	con vosotros, -as	with us
en nosotros, -as	in us	en vosotros, -as	in you
etc.		etc.
ellos, -as	they	ustedes	you (polite form)
ellos, -as	they	ustedes	you
de ellos, -as	of them	de ustedes	of you
les (a ellos a ellas)	to them, for them	les (a ustedes)	to you
los, les (a ellos)	(sees) them (male)	los, les (a ustedes)	(sees) you (male)
las (a ellas)	(sees) them (female)	las (a ustedes)	(sees) them (female)
con ellos	with them	con ustedes	with you
en ellos	in them	en ustedes	in you
etc.		etc.

1) Personal pronouns as subjects

Personal pronouns as subject of the sentence can be used before or after the verb. In Spanish, when we talk about a known person, the personal pronoun-subject is often omitted, for example:

pregunto ahora

(I) am asking now

yo pregunto ahora

I am asking now

ahora pregunto yo

now I am asking

The word order changes in interrogative sentences. The personal pronoun-subject usually goes after the verb (in a simple tense or after a passive participle), for example:

¿Habla Vd.?

Do you speak?

¿No tiene Vd. este libro?

Don’t you have this book?

¿Ha hablado ella contigo?

Has she spoken to you? / Has she talked with you?

2) Personal pronouns as objects

From lesson 20 you know that two forms of personal pronouns can function as object: stressed and unstressed.

a) The unstressed form of personal pronouns, functioning as direct or indirect object, usually goes before the verb, for example:

le doy

I give him

le conocemos

we know him

te saludo

I greet you

os veo

I see you

b) Sometimes the unstressed forms of personal pronouns go after the verbs, in this case, the pronouns are usually written with the verbs in one word.

The merged spelling of pronouns with verbs are usually used in the following cases:

when the verb is in the imperative mood:

¡llámalo!

call him!

¡tómalo!

take it!
when the verb is in the infinitive form:

quiero verle

I want to see him

voy a darle

I’ll give her (I’m going to give her)
when the verb is in gerundio:

leyéndote

reading to you

diciéndole

telling him

Note:

The negation no always goes before a pronoun, for example:

No te doy.

I don’t give you.

No le conozco.

I don’t know him.
If two pronouns go before or after a verb, then 1^st and 2^nd person pronouns go before 3^rd person pronoun; in this case, the 3^rd person pronoun stands as the direct object, while 1^st and 2^nd person pronouns stans as indirect object, for example:

Me lo das.

You give it to me.

Nos la compras.

You buy it for us.

Os las mandaremos.

We’ll send them to you.
The pronoun form se, both personal and reflexive, goes before all the other pronouns, for example:

Se te quema la casa.

Your house is on fire/burning.

Se me olvidó.

I forgot.

Exercises

I. Translate the personal pronouns given in brackets and put them in the correct form.

María у Juana hablan con Juan. Yo (them) veo. José y Juan están en el café, nosotros (them) invitamos a nuestra casa. ¿Adónde van ustedes? Yo (you, polite form) invito a ustedes a tomar un vaso de jerez en mi casa y a las señoras yo (them) invito al teatro. (You, pl.) doy diez minutos para pensar. Quiero hablar (with them) , quiero decir (to them) que no puedo ir al teatro hoy. Juan quiere ir a casa de los tíos para preguntar (them) si vienen el domingo.

II. Substitute the proper name with an appropriate personal pronoun.

Example: Yo hablo con Juan. — Yo hablo con él.

Juana está en casa. — Quiero hablar con .
Juana sale con José y Juan. — Juana sale con .
María le da un libro a Juana. — María da un libro.
María le da un lápiz a Juan. — María da un lápiz.
Yo veo a María y a Juana. — Yo veo.
Yo hablo con María y Juana. — Yo hablo con .

III. Translate into English:

Juan y José salen de la taberna y en la calle encuentran al padre de José. — ¿Qué es esto? ¿Qué veo? ¡José y Juan han bebido! ¡Empezáis temprano, muchachos! Id a casa, quiero hablar con vosotros. — Papá ¿has visto a Juana y a María? — pregunta José. — No las he visto y no quiero hablar de ellas. Quiero deciros que sois unos sinvergüenzas. — Papá — dice José — quiero decirte que no he bebido mucho. — Ha pasado algo — dice Juan. — ¿No puedes decirme qué ha pasado? — Una mujer ... — ¿Qué ..? — Nada, José ha reñido con María.

IV. Translate into Spanish:

When Jose sings I like to listen to him. When I see good books I like to read them. I wanted to go with Maria to her aunt’s house, but she didn’t want to go with me. Today we are all going for a walk. Mary and Juana are going with us. Are Jose and Juan going too? I don’t know, I haven’t talked with them. Can you tell them that we’re waiting for them at home? I can’t tell them anything, I don’t see them, I don’t know where they are. Here are Jose’s cigarettes, do you see them? Give them to the father, he hasn’t smoked today yet.