Lección 18
Pretérito imperfecto of irregular and reflexive verbs
Una reunión de esperantistas
Vocablos
la | reunión | meeting |
el | esperantista | Esperantist |
el | relojero | watchmaker |
inglés, -a | English; Englishman, Englishwoman | |
alto, -a | tall, high | |
delgado, -a | thin, slim | |
usar | to use; to wear | |
la | barbita | goatee, little beard |
llevar | to wear; to take; to carry; to bring | |
las | gafas | glasses |
el | taller | workshop |
la | óptica | optics |
la | relojería | watchmaker’s, watch store |
el | barrio | neighbo(u)rhood, district |
obrero, -a | worker | |
reunirse | to meet, to gather, to reunite | |
lunes | Monday | |
el | grupo | group |
detrás | behind | |
la | salita | sitting room, small living room |
gran | big, large | |
más | more | |
diferente | different, various | |
el | sofá | sofa |
cojo, -a | lame; wobbly | |
insignificante | insignificant | |
alguien | someone, anyone | |
presentar | to introduce; to present | |
merecer | to deserve | |
la | confianza | trust, confidence |
polaco, -a | Polish; Pole | |
el | periodista | journalist |
español, -a | Spanish; Spaniard | |
el | fotógrafo | photographer |
francés, -a | French; Frenchman; Frenchwoman | |
alemán, -a | German | |
ruso, -a | Russian | |
chino, -a | Chinese; Chinese person | |
recitar | to recite | |
el | cuento | story, tale |
escrito, -a | written | |
aplaudir | to applaud | |
la | discusión | discussion |
el | doctor | doctor |
la | señorita | young lady, miss |
danés, -a | Danish; Dane | |
tocar | to play (the piano) | |
cantar | to sing | |
divertido, -a | fun, funny, amusing | |
prolongarse | to go on, to continue | |
la | medianoche | midnight |
Notes
The meaning of words and expressions
el ruso
la rusa
the Russian (m.)
the Russian (f.)
ruso, -а
Russian
el polaco
la polaca
the Pole (m.)
the Pole (f.)
polaco, -а
Polish
el español
la española
the Spaniard (m.)
the Spaniard (f.)
español, -а
Spanish
In Spanish, the noun that expresses nationality is formed from the adjective that comes after the definite article, for example:
español
Spanish
el español
the Spaniard
inglés
English (adjective)
el inglés
la inglesa
the Englishman (noun)
the Englishwoman
It should also be remembered that uno before a noun usually drops its final -о, whereas uno is used without changes before an adjective, for example:
un esperantista alemán, uno ruso...
one German Esperantist, one Russian...
Memorize:
le (him, her) presentaba a su señora
le (him, her) presentaba una silla
le — him, her
Learn the expressions:
usar una barbita
to wear a goatee
llevar gafas
to wear glasses
comenzar a ser gris
to start to turn grey (about hair)
en su casa
at his home
todos los lunes
every Monday
detrás de
behind, after
más
more
a su casa
to his home
más tarde
later
tocar el piano
to play the piano
hasta medianoche
until midnight
Grammar points
1. Pretérito imperfecto of irregular verbs of individual conjugation: tener, venir, ver, ser
All the verbs of individual conjugation, except for the verb ser, conjugate in pretérito imperfecto the same way as normal verbs.
Pretérito imperfecto | ||||
tener — to have | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | tenía | I was having | teníamos | we were having |
2. | tenías | you were having | teníais | you were having |
3. | tenía | he was having | tenían | they were having |
venir — to come | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | venía | I was coming | veníamos | we were coming |
2. | venías | you were coming | veníais | you were coming |
3. | venía | he was coming | venían | they were coming |
Pretérito imperfecto | ||||
ver — to see | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | veía | I was seeing | veíamos | we were seeing |
2. | veías | you were seeing | veíais | you were seeing |
3. | veía | he was seeing | veían | they were seeing |
ser — to be | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | era | I was | éramos | we were |
2. | eras | you were | erais | you were |
3. | era | he was | eran | they were |
ir — to go | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | iba | I was going | íbamos | we were going |
2. | ibas | you were going | ibais | you were going |
3. | iba | he was going | iban | they were going |
2. Pretérito imperfecto of reflexive verbs
The reflexive verbs in pretérito imperfecto conjugate the same way as other reflexive verbs with the unstressed personal pronouns me, te, se, nos, os, se (see lesson 11).
Pretérito imperfecto of the reflexive verb | ||||
lavarse — to wash (oneself) | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | (yo) me lavaba | I was washing | (nosotros) nos lavábamos | we were washing |
2. | (tú) te lavabas | you were washing | (vosotros) os lavabais | you were washing |
3. | (él) se lavaba | he was washing | (ellos) se lavaban | they were washing |
3. Conjugations I, II, III of verbs in the tenses you know
Presente de indicativo | ||||
Conjugation I | ||||
tomar — to take | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | tomo | I take | tomamos | we take |
2. | tomas | you take | tomáis | you take |
3. | toma | he takes | toman | they take |
Conjugation II | ||||
comer — to eat | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | como | I eat | comemos | we eat |
2. | comes | you eat | coméis | you eat |
3. | come | he eats | comen | they eat |
Conjugation III | ||||
partir — to divide | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | parto | I divide | partimos | we divide |
2. | partes | you divide | partís | you divide |
3. | parte | he divides | parten | they divide |
Pretérito imperfecto de indicativo | ||||
Conjugation I | ||||
tomar — to take | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | tomaba | I was taking | tomábamos | we were taking |
2. | tomabas | you were taking | tomabais | you were taking |
3. | tomaba | he was taking | tomaban | they were taking |
Conjugation II | ||||
comer — to eat | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | comía | I was eating | comíamos | we were eating |
2. | comías | you were eating | comíais | you were eating |
3. | comía | he was eating | comían | they were eating |
Conjugation III | ||||
partir — to divide | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | partía | I was dividing | partíamos | we were dividing |
2. | partías | you were dividing | partíais | you were dividing |
3. | partía | he was dividing | partían | they were dividing |
Modo imperativo | |||||
¡toma! | take! | ¡come! | eat! | ¡parte! | divide! |
¡tomad! | take! | ¡comed! | eat! | ¡partid! | divide! |
Exercises
I. Conjugate the following verbs in Pretérito imperfecto:
usar
llevar
reunirse
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
Vds.
venir
decir
aplaudir
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
Vds.
II. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense and in Pretérito imperfecto:
tocar
Tense
present
past
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
Vds. (ellos)
cantar
Tense
present
past
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
Vds. (ellos)
reunirse
Tense
present
past
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
Vds. (ellos)
tener
Tense
present
past
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
Vds. (ellos)
III. Translate into English:
Tengo muchos amigos. Siempre tenía muchos amigos y muy diferentes. En la universidad estudiaba con un español y un polaco. Ellos trabajaban mucho, eran buenos estudiantes. Ahora escriben cartas largas y llenas de encanto, el encanto de las cosas desconocidas. Ahora no estudian, trabajan. El español es ingeniero y trabaja en una fábrica. El polaco es periodista y trabaja en un periódico polaco. Ellos escriben que estaban muy contentos cuando estudiaban en Londres, que ahora están muy ocupados, pero contentos también. Todos los sábados tienen reuniones, pero el domingo duermen hasta las diez.
IV. Translate into Spanish:
When I was in New York, I always went to my friend’s uncle’s house. At his home we were drinking coffee, talking and smoking a lot. My friend’s uncle used to play the piano, and we would listen and applaud when he would finish playing. The aunt used to come at eight o’clock. We used to go for a walk and would walk until ten o’clock, and then would return home. My friend, the Spanish journalist, wouldn’t come back home. He would go to the restaurant where he would drink wine, read a newspaper and write for his newspaper.