Lección 27
Dad’s story. Part 1. The Preterite of the Irregular Verbs: estar, dar, ver, tener; preferir, concebir; jugar, volver, dormir. Double Negation
El cuento de papá
Vocablos
el | cuento | story; tale |
prometer | to promise | |
algo | something, anything | |
pues | then; so; well | |
a menudo | often | |
el | coronel | colonel |
el | apellido | last name, surname |
la | estatura | height; stature |
gigantesco, -a | gigantic, giant | |
enorme, -a | enormous | |
los | bigotes | mustache, moustache |
la | voz | voice |
el | trueno | thunder |
infundir | to infuse, to instil(l) | |
el | pavor | dread, terror, fear |
jugar | to play | |
la | mirada | look, gaze, glance |
único, -a | unique; only | |
tuerto, -a | one-eyed person | |
apodar | to nickname, to dub | |
hermoso, -a | beautiful, lovely | |
regalar | to present; to give (away) | |
el | bizcocho | biscuit |
el | queso | cheese |
merendar | to (have an afternoon) snack | |
algunas veces | sometimes | |
el | hospiciano | orphan living in an orphanage |
el | hospicio | orphanage |
llamar(se) | to call (to be called) | |
sin embargo | however; nevertheless; yet | |
preferir | to prefer | |
la | parte | part, side |
concebir | 1) to conceive; 2) to conceive of, to imagine, to comprehend | |
verdadero, -a | true; real | |
la | pasión | passion |
el | animal | animal |
la | tarde | evening (around sunset), afternoon (from noon until sunset); late |
llevar | to take (someone with you), to carry | |
volver | to return, to come back | |
dormir | to sleep | |
soltar | to let out; to let go (of); to release, to set free | |
abrir (abrieron) | to open (opened) |
Notes
The meaning of words and expressions
Some Spanish combinations of a noun with the preposition de can be translated into English using an adjective or with a similar construction, for example:
una voz de trueno
a voice like (of) thunder
la mesa de noche
the nightstand (the night table)
Learn the expressions:
hace tiempo
a long time ago
a menudo
often
sobre todo
especially
por su parte
for his part
una tarde
one evening (afternoon)
hasta que
until
Grammar points
1. The individual conjugation of the verbs: estar, dar, ver, tener in the preterite
estar — to be | dar — to give | |||
singular | singular | |||
1. | estuve | I was | di | I gave |
2. | estuviste | you were | diste | you gave |
3. | estuvo | he was | dio | he gave |
plural | plural | |||
1. | estuvimos | we were | dimos | we gave |
2. | estuvisteis | you were | disteis | you gave |
3. | estuvieron | they were | dieron | they gave |
(compare with lesson 9) | (compare with lesson 12) |
ver — to see | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | vi | I saw | vimos | we saw |
2. | viste | you saw | visteis | you saw |
3. | vió | he saw | vieron | they saw |
tener — to have | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | tuve | I had | tuvimos | we had |
2. | tuviste | you had | tuvisteis | you had |
3. | tuvo | he had | tuvieron | they had |
2. The conjugation of the deviating verbs of group I: preferir and concebir
preferir — to prefer | concebir — to conceive | |||
Presente | ||||
prefiero | I prefer | concibo | I conceive | |
prefieres | you prefer | concibes | you conceive | |
prefiere | he prefers | concibe | he conceives | |
preferimos | we prefer | concebimos | we conceive | |
preferís | you prefer | concebís | you conceive | |
prefieren | they prefer | conciben | they conceive | |
Pretérito simple | ||||
preferí | I preferred | concebí | I conceived | |
preferiste | you preferred | concebiste | you conceived | |
prefirió | he preferred | concibió | he conceived | |
preferimos | we preferred | concebimos | we conceived | |
preferisteis | you preferred | concebisteis | you conceived | |
prefirieron | they preferred | concibieron | they conceived |
Preferir and concebir are conjugated without deviations in the other tenses of the indicative mood.
3. The conjugation of the deviating verbs of group II: jugar, volver, dormir
The verbs jugar, volver, dormir have the same deviation in all the singular persons of the present tense, namely: the root vowel o or u changes to the diphthong ue under stress.
The verb dormir has extra changes of the vowel o to u in singular number and in 3rd person plural.
The conjugation of the verbs: jugar, volver, dormir
in all the tenses we know
Presente | ||||
conjugation I | ||||
jugar — to play | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | juego | I play | jugamos | we play |
2. | juegas | you play | jugáis | you play |
3. | juega | he plays | juegan | they play |
conjugation II | ||||
volver — to return | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | vuelvo | I return | volvemos | we return |
2. | vuelves | you return | volvéis | you return |
3. | vuelve | he returns | vuelven | they return |
conjugation III | ||||
dormir — to sleep | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | duermo | I sleep | dormimos | we sleep |
2. | duermes | you sleep | dormís | you sleep |
3. | duerme | he sleeps | duermen | they sleep |
Pretérito imperfecto |
conjugation I |
1. jugaba I was playing 2. jugabas you were playing etc. |
conjugation II |
1. volvía I was returning 2. volvías you were returning etc. |
conjugation III |
1. dormía I was sleeping 2. dormías you were sleeping etc. |
Pretérito perfecto |
conjugation I |
jugar — to play |
1. he jugado I have played 2. has jugado you have played etc. |
conjugation II |
volver — to return |
1. he vuelto I have returned 2. has vuelto you have returned etc. |
conjugation III |
dormir — to sleep |
1. he dormido I have slept 2. has dormido you have slept etc. |
Pretérito simple | ||||
conjugation I | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | jugué | I played | jugamos | we played |
2. | jugaste | you played | jugasteis | you played |
3. | jugó | he played | jugaron | they played |
conjugation II | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | volví | I returned | volvimos | we returned |
2. | volviste | you returned | volvisteis | you returned |
3. | volvió | he returned | volvieron | they returned |
conjugation III | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | dormí | I slept | dormimos | we slept |
2. | dormiste | you slept | dormisteis | you slept |
3. | durmió | he slept | durmieron | they slept |
Modo imperativo
Imperative mood
¡juega! play!
¡jugad! play!
¡vuelve! return!
¡volved! return!
¡duerme! sleep!
¡dormid! sleep!
4. The usage of no in a combination with another negation
no me cuentas nada
you don’t tell me anything
nada podía darle
he couldn’t give him anything
In Spanish, if negative words like nobody, nothing, never etc. go before a verb, then the negation no before the verb is not used.
For example: nada tengo I have nothing. If negative words go after a verb, then the negation no goes after the verb, for example: no tengo nada I don’t have anything.
Exercises
I. Make the appropriate verb forms in the preterite:
regalar
infundir
yo
Vd.
ellos
ella
nosotros
vosotros
tú
comer
soltar
yo
Vd.
ellos
ella
nosotros
vosotros
tú
II. Make the appropriate verb forms for hablar and recorrer according to the given data:
hablar
present
past imperfect
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
Vds.
hablar
present perfect
past simple
yo
tú
él
Vd.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos
Vds.
recorrer
present
past imperfect
Vds.
nosotros
ellas
vosotros
tú
Vd.
recorrer
present perfect
past simple
Vds.
nosotros
ellas
vosotros
tú
Vd.
III. Put the verbs in brackets to the appropriate form of the preterite tense:
El coronel (infundir) pavor a los chicos. El perro (comer) el pan. Los chicos (dar) bizcochos al perro. Nosotros (volver) a casa a las 8. Nada (comer) entonces. Por la mañana nosotros (tomar) el desayuno. Nosotros no (hablar) con él. ¿Cuándo (hablar) Vd. con Juan? ¿Dónde (beber) Vd. jerez?
IV. Translate into English:
El padre le compró a Carmen un perro grande y bonito. Carmen jugaba con él siempre en la calle, cerca de la casa. Un chico llevó el perro a su casa. Carmen buscó el perro todo el día y no comió nada. Por la tarde el perro volvió. Carmen estuvo muy contenta y comió toda la sopa. Cuando se despertó miró el perro y habló con él. Las amigas de Carmen llegaron por la tarde y dieron al animal muchos bizcochos.
V. Translate into Spanish.
— (polite form) You have a nice dog. Where did you buy it? — I didn’t buy this dog, I found him in the street and he stayed with me. — Where does he sleep? — Always at home, but yesterday Carmen took him with her and left him at our friends’ house. The dog slept there and came back today.