Lección 31
Usage of Mismo in Spanish. Ir in Pretérito Simple
Juan y Juana
(ending)
„Al correr de años”
Vocablos
el | fin | end |
prevenido, -a | forewarned, warned, prudent; cautious, prepared; prevented | |
cauto, -a | cautious, careful | |
el | descuido | carelessness, negligence; oversight |
guardar | to keep, to save | |
la | cartera | wallet, purse; schoolbag |
tembloroso, -a | trembling, shaking, shaky | |
los | celos | jealousy |
la | compasión | compassion |
el | miedo | fear |
la | vergüenza | shame |
echar mano | to take hold, to reach for | |
allí | there | |
sí | yes | |
aquél, aquélla | that | |
el | mismo | same; (emphasis) only, right, very |
recordar | to remember | |
detenerse | to stop, to delay | |
ir | to go | |
el | rato | minute |
agarrar | to grab | |
la | vuelta | turn, back, other side |
clavar | to fix | |
quedar | to remain, to stay; to become, to turn, to be | |
atónito, -a | astonished, stunned | |
primero | (at) first (adv.) | |
primero, -a | first (adj.) | |
pálido | pale | |
el | rubor | embarrassment; blush, flush |
encendido (de rubor) | flushed (with embarrassment) | |
grueso, -a | thick | |
rodar | to roll |
Notes
The meaning of words and expressions:
primero
Juana quedó pálida primero ...
Juana became pale at first
él es el primero
he is the first
Primero without the article is used in the meaning first, at first.
The verb quedar + an adjective
quedar pálido to turn pale
quedar atónito be astonished
The verb quedar to remain, to stay in the combination with an adjective still means to remain, to stay (in this condition) but is translated into English using the words to become, to turn, to be etc. depending on the context.
Thus:
quedar en casa
to stay at home
but:
quedar pálido
to turn pale
quedar atónito
be astonished
Learn the expressions:
al descuido
carelessly
echar mano
to take hold, to reach for
dar vuelta
to turn around/over
clavar en él los ojos
to fix the eyes on smb./smth, to stare
Grammar points
1. Usage of Mismo
el mismo
the same
él mismo
(he) himself
la misma
the same
ella misma
(she) herself
In Spanish, the word mismo is used as an adjective intensifying the meaning of the noun, the pronoun, or the adverb that goes after it.
Being with a noun or a pronoun, it can mean the same, the same thing, (he) himself, (she) herself etc. For example:
Juan mismo lo ha dicho.
Juan himself has said it.
Yo mismo lo hago.
I do it myself.
Era ella misma.
It was she herself.
No es lo mismo.
It’s not the same thing.
Being with an adverb, mismo emphasizes time and place, for example:
allí mismo
right there
Tengo que hablar con Juana hoy mismo.
I have to talk to Juana this very day.
Mismo in the meaning oneself usually goes without the article and always after a proper noun, a noun or a pronoun, for example:
Juan mismo
Juan himself
él mismo
he himself
nosotros mismos
we ourselves
Mismo means the same when goes with the definite article, for example:
Es el mismo lápiz que yo tengo.
It is the same pencil I have.
or:
Es la misma lámpara que tenía antes.
It is the same lamp I had before.
In the meaning the same, mismo is used with the article and goes before a noun, for example:
el mismo lápiz
the same pencil
las mismas lámparas
the same lamps
Don’t forget that, as an adjective, mismo changes in gender and number.
(el, él) mismo
the same
(la, ella) misma
the same
(los, ellos) mismos
the same
2. The verb ir in the preterite
Ella fue a la puerta.
She went to the door.
The verb ir is conjugated as the verb ser (lesson 28) in the past simple tense.
ir — to go | ||||
singular | plural | |||
1. | fui | I went | fuimos | we went |
2. | fuiste | you went | fuisteis | you went |
3. | fue | he went | fueron | they went |
Exercises
I. Fill in mismo, el mismo etc.:
Juana habló con Juan. Carmencita lee sus libros. Mi padre ha comprado libros que yo. José y Juan estudian en universidad. Juana y María llevan sombreros y vestidos. Estos vestidos los ha hecho costurera. Mamá prepara la comida, es comida que ayer. Él hace que yo.
II. Rewrite the story „Juan y Juana” (of this lesson) using the present tense instead of the past tense:
Example: Por fin un día aquel hombre prevenido y cauto deja ...
III. Translate into English:
El fotógrafo ha hecho un retrato de Juana. He entrado cantando en la habitación. Han llamado a la puerta. Ha sido el fotógrafo. Cuando hemos comprado un libro, Juan lo ha leído en seguida. He dado la vuelta al libro. He echado mano al libro para leerlo el mismo día. ¿Ha estado Vd. hoy en el cine? Antes he vivido en Madrid.
IV. Rewrite the text of exercise III using Pretérito imperfecto instead of Pretérito perfecto compuesto.
V. Translate into Spanish:
I always get up at seven o’clock in the morning. I would always get up early. Today I also got up at seven o’clock, washed myself and left the house at once. Yesterday when I left the house I met Jose. We were going and talking about many interesting things. After the work we met again, we went to the park and then we went back home. At home we met Miguel. He told us a Russian tale.