Lección 35
Definite Article and Preposition De. Soler, servir; poco, solo
Segunda carta de Miguel
Vocablos
algo | a little, a bit | |
la | costumbre | custom |
de costumbre | usual, usually, normally | |
parecer | to seem, to look; to look like | |
distinto, -a | different, distinct | |
la | prensa | press, newspapers |
pues | then; well | |
el | billar | billiards, pool |
el | dominó | dominoes |
el | naipe | (playing) card |
el | dibujo | drawing |
popular | popular | |
el | mus | „mus” — a card game |
el | tute | „tute” — a card game |
alcohólico, -a | alcoholic | |
el | coñac | cognac, brandy |
el | ron | rum |
la | cervecería | bar, beer hall; brewery |
el | aperitivo | appetiser, appetizer |
servir | to serve; to be useful | |
la | aceituna | olive |
la | almeja | clam |
la | almendra | almond |
la | anchoa | anchovy |
generoso, -a | full-bodied (wine); generous | |
tinto, -a | red (wine) | |
bastante | enough; quite (a lot of) | |
el | grado | degree |
caro, -a | dear; expensive | |
a veces | sometimes | |
la | madrugada | dawn |
luego | later, then | |
solo | alone, on one’s own | |
responder | to answer, to reply | |
soler (suelen) | used to, to tend to, usually, to be in the habit of | |
principalmente | principally, mainly, chiefly | |
acompañado | accompanied |
Learn the expressions:
de costumbre
usual, usually, normally
ante todo
above all, first of all
pasar el tiempo
to spend time
por lo regular
usually
café puro
pure coffee
hasta la madrugada
until dawn
Notes
The meaning of poco, solo
poco
trabaja poco
he works little
come poca carne
he eats little meat
al café van pocas mujeres
few women go to the café
tiene pocos amigos
he has few friends
The word poco little, few, as the word mucho much, many (see lesson 13), is used both as an adjective and an adverb. As an adverb, poco usually goes after a verb, adjective or adverb and does not change. As an adjective, poco is used with a noun and agrees with it in gender and number.
The following words function the same as poco: demasiado — too, too much/many and bastante — enough; quite (a lot of), например:
el vino ... de bastantes grados
the wine ... is strong
(lit.: with enough degrees)
solo
The word sólo with the accent mark (acento) is an adverb with the meaning only, just.
The word solo without the accent mark is an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number; it is translated as alone, on one’s own, by itself; lonely; also solo (music) and black (coffee).
Grammar points
1. The combinations of the definite article with the preposition dе
los cafés se parecen a los de Francia
the cafés look like those in France
son distintos de los de los Estados Unidos
different from those in the United States
The definite article with the preposition de in the combinations above function as a demonstrative pronoun that substitutes a noun in order not to repeat it twice, for example:
La muchacha que ves es la del cine.
The girl that you see is the one from the cinema.
El muchacho que va con ella es el de nuestra casa.
The boy that goes with her is the one from our house.
2. The conjugation of the verb soler
The verb soler used to, to tend to, usually, to be in the habit of is one of the so-called defective verbs, i.e. the verbs that are used not in all the tenses and persons.
The verb soler is always used in a combination with the infinitive form of the conjugated verb, for example:
soler levantarse
to tend to get up
soler comer
to tend to eat
The verb soler is only used in the present tense of the indicative mood and in the past imperfect tense. The other missing forms of the verb soler are compensated by the verb acostumbrar used to, to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of, usually.
Soler belongs to group II of deviating verbs (compare with lesson 24).
Soler — used to, to tend to, usually | ||||
Present | ||||
1. | suelo | I tend to | solemos | we tend to |
2. | sueles | you tend to | soléis | you tend to |
3. | suele | he tends to | suelen | they tend to |
Past Imperfect | ||||
1. | solía | I used to | solíamos | we used to |
2. | solías | you used to | solíais | you used to |
3. | solía | he used to | solían | they used to |
3. The conjugation of the verb servir
The verb servir to serve; to be useful belongs to group I of deviating verbs.
servir — to serve | ||||
Present | ||||
1. | sirvo | I serve | servimos | we serve |
2. | sirves | you serve | servís | you serve |
3. | sirve | he serves | sirven | they serve |
Past Simple | ||||
1. | serví | I served | servimos | we served |
2. | serviste | you served | servisteis | you served |
3. | sirvió | he served | sirvieron | they served |
Exercises
I. Depending on the context, fill in poco or un poco using them as an adverb or as an adjective:
Trabajo el domingo. El lunes hay gente en los parques. He visto veces una mujer tan hermosa. Tengo amigos, pero buenos. Hemos comido hoy. Sólo hemos bebido de café puro. Me gusta dormir por la tarde, pero veces puedo hacerlo. Suelo comer por la mañana. Había mujeres en el café y hombres en la calle.
II. Substitute the nouns given in brackets with the correct definite articles:
Este muchacho es (el muchacho) de la calle Blanca. Estas plumas son (las plumas) de la tienda grande. Estas mujeres son (las mujeres) de nuestra casa. Estos obreros son (los obreros) de la fábrica donde trabajamos. El esperantista de Londres es (el esperantista) de nuestro cuento. La casa del relojero es (la casa) de las reuniones esperantistas. Mi mejor amigo es (el amigo) de la universidad. Las casas más altas son (las casas) de Nueva York.
III. Translate into English:
En los Estados Unidos se ven mujeres solas en los cafés todos los días y a todas horas. Sólo los niños no van solos al café. También en los Estados Unidos se toma café puro o café con leche en los cafés. En los Estados Unidos, en los cafés, no se juega a los naipes, sólo se habla.
IV. Translate into Spanish:
Не drank (PPC) some coffee. It was so tasty that later I drank (PPC) two more cups.
We don’t go out much (lit.: leave little). On Sunday, when relatives come, we chat a little, drink red wine and then listen to music and sing. Usually, the youngest daughter plays and everyone listens. When Jose’s friends come, the ones from the university, they play cards until twelve o’clock at night.