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Lección 40

Conjugation of Regular Verbs in Spanish (summary). Usage of Haber (Impersonal hay and hay que). Acostarse

Miguel piensa ya en el regreso

— ¿Cómo ha dormido usted después de la corrida, don Miguel?
— He soñado con toros y caballos, toreros y picadores. La verdad es que dormí mal anoche. Hoy no iré a ninguna parte. Escribiré una carta a mis padres y me acostaré temprano, porque mañana estaremos muy ocupados José y yo. Toda la mañana hemos estudiado el plano de Madrid, preparando el plan de todos los lugares que visitaremos mañana. El tiempo pasa rápidamente, ya pronto me iré y tengo que ver mucho todavía. Quiero ver lo más posible.
— Se va usted pronto. ¡Qué lástima!
— No se puede vivir siempre como turista, hay que trabajar también.
— Sí, eso es verdad. text translation

Vocablos

	soñar	to dream
el	caballo	horse
el	torero (toreador)	toreador (bullfighter)
el	picador	picador
	anoche	last night, yesterday evening
	en (a) ninguna parte	nowhere; anywhere (with negative English verbs)
	acostarse	to go to bed; to lie down
el	plano	plan; map (of a city)
el	lugar	place; spot
la	lástima	shame, pity, sorry
el	turista	tourist

Learn the expressions:

tener que ver

have to see

lo más posible

as much as possible

¡qué lástima!

what a pity! what a shame!

Grammar points

1. The conjugation of regular verbs in all the tenses of the indicative mood

conjugation I

conjugation II

conjugation III

tomar to take

comer to eat

partir to divide, to split

Modo indicativo (indicative mood)
Presente
tomo	I take	como	I eat	parto	I split
tomas	you take	comes	you eat	partes	you split
toma	he takes	come	he eats	parte	he splits
tomamos	we take	comemos	we eat	partimos	we split
tomáis	you take	coméis	you eat	partís	you split
toman	they take	comen	they eat	parten	they split

Imperfecto
tomaba	I was taking	comía	I was eating	partía	I was splitting
tomabas	you were taking	comías	you were eating	partías	you were splitting
tomaba	he was taking	comía	he was eating	partía	he was splitting
tomábamos	we were taking	comíamos	we were eating	partíamos	we were splitting
tomabais	you were taking	comíais	you were eating	partíais	you were splitting
tomaban	they were taking	comían	they were eating	partían	they were splitting

Pretérito perfecto (compuesto)
he	tomado (comido, partido)	I have taken	I have eaten	I have split
has		you have taken	you have eaten	you have split
ha		he has taken	he has eaten	he has split
hemos		we have taken	we have eaten	we have split
habéis		you have taken	you have eaten	you have split
han		they have taken	they have eaten	they have split

Pretérito indefinido (simple)
tomé	I took	comí	I ate	partí	I split
tomaste	you took	comiste	you ate	partiste	you split
tomó	he took	comió	he ate	partió	he split
tomamos	we took	comimos	we ate	partimos	we split
tomasteis	you took	comisteis	you ate	partisteis	you split
tomaron	they took	comieron	they ate	partieron	they split

Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
había	tomado (comido, partido)	I had taken	I had eaten	I had split
habías		you had taken	you had eaten	you had split
había		he had taken	he had eaten	he had split
habíamos		we had taken	we had eaten	we had split
habíais		you had taken	you had eaten	you had split
habían		they had taken	they had eaten	they had split

Pretérito anterior
hube	tomado (comido, partido)	I had taken	I had eaten	I had split
hubiste		you had taken	you had eaten	you had split
hubo		he had taken	he had eaten	he had split
hubimos		we had taken	we had eaten	we had split
hubisteis		you had taken	you had eaten	you had split
hubieron		they had taken	they had eaten	they had split

Futuro imperfecto
tomaré	I will take
tomarás	you will take
tomará	he will take
tomaremos	we will take
tomaréis	you will take
tomarán	they will take
comeré	I will eat
comerás	you will eat
comerá	he will eat
comeremos	we will eat
comeréis	you will eat
comerán	they will eat
partiré	I will split
partirás	you will split
partirá	he will split
partiremos	we will split
partiréis	you will split
partirán	they will split

Futuro perfecto
habré	tomado (comido, partido)	I will have taken	I will have eaten	I will have split
habrás		you will have taken	you will have eaten	you will have split
habrá		he will have taken	he will have eaten	he will have split
habremos		we will have taken	we will have eaten	we will have split
habréis		you will have taken	you will have eaten	you will have split
habrán		they will have taken	they will have eaten	they will have split

Gerundio
tomando taking	comiendo eating	partiendo dividing, splitting

Imperativo
¡toma!	take!	¡come!	eat!	¡parte!	/ divide!
					\ split!
¡tomad!	take!	¡comed!	eat!	¡partid!	/ divide!
					\ split!

Participio
tomado taken;	comido eaten;	partido divided, split

2. Usage of haber. Impersonal forms hay and hay que

The verb haber is used as the auxiliary verb to form compound tenses of other verbs. Furthermore, the haber is used an an impersonal verb. In the present tense, it has the special impersonal form hay that can form a number of constructions, for example:

hay

there is/are

hay que + infinitive

one must/should + infinitive

no hay que

we must not, we should not, let’s not, don’t have to

Presente

Pretérito imperfecto

Pretérito indefinido (simple)

he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han

había
habías
había
habíamos
habíais
habían

hube
hubiste
hubo
hubimos
hubisteis
hubieron

Futuro imperfecto

Gerundio

Participio

habré
habrás
habrá
habremos
habréis
habrán

habiendo

habido

In the tenses given below, the verb haber is used only in the impersonal form, i.e. in 3^rd person singular:

Pretérito perfecto: ha habido
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto: había habido
Pretérito anterior: hubo.

The impersonal form of the verb haber can be used in all the tenses:

hay

there is/are

había

there was/were

ha habido

there has been

hubo

there was/were

había habido

there had been

hubo habido

there had been

habrá

there will be, e.g.:

Habrá mucha gente en el cine.

There will be a lot of people in the cinema.

habrá habido there will/must have been

The impersonal constructions are also used with all the tenses, for example:

hay que

one must

había que

one had to

habrá que

one will have to etc.

3. The verb acostarse

The verb acostarse to go to bed; to lie down belongs to group II of deviating verbs (see lesson 16) and conjugates the same way as the verb poder:

yo me acuesto

I go to bed

tú te acuestas

you go to bed

él se acuesta

he goes to bed

nosotros nos acostamos

we go to bed

vosotros os acostáis

you go to bed

ellos se acuestan

they go to bed

Exercises

I. Translate into English:

Me levanto temprano. Siempre me gusta levantarme con el sol. Tomo mi desayuno en la cama y miro por la ventana. En la calle no hay nadie. Paseo solo por las calles de Madrid, llego a la Plaza de España y admiro el monumento a Cervantes, después regreso lentamente a casa. Todos se levantan, toman café y van al trabajo. De nuevo me quedo solo. Llaman a la puerta. Entra Carmencita con una carta en la mano. Mis amigos me invitan a comer hoy en su casa. A las dos como con mis amigos, bebo vino sabrosísimo y me quedo con ellos hasta la noche.

II. Rewrite exercise I replacing the present tense with pretérito perfecto.

III. Translate into English:

En casa de mis amigos bebía, comía, charlaba y así pasaba el tiempo. Recordábamos nuestros paseos por la ciudad. José recitaba poesías. Carmen cantaba, pero nadie escuchaba. José fumaba tanto y todos gritaban tanto que nadie podía ver ni oír nada.

IV. Rewrite exercise III replacing pretérito imperfecto with pretérito simple.

V. Translate into Spanish:

I like talking with Juana. I look at her and admire her. I always liked (lit.: would always like) talking with her and always admired her beauty. I have decided to go to the museum alone today. On the way I entered a restaurant, ate a good soup and a little bit of meat. Then I went to the café where I had two cups of coffee. Yesterday I met Russians in the museum and today I met them in the café. I will not talk to them. I have decided to speak only in Spanish in Madrid.