Lesson 14-4 - Lektion 14-4
Imperative mood
Lesson 14: Urban transport. At the doctor’s. Activity 4
From this activity you will know how to:
- buy a certain medicine at the chemist’s
- ask how the medicine works
- ask how to take the medicine
- find out if they have a medicine for an illness
Learn the words and expressions for the dialogue
chemist’s, pharmacy
Where is the nearest pharmacy?
medicine
How should I take this medicine?
prescription
This medicine is only on prescription.
tablet, pill
I need pills for flu.
drop
This is only as drops.
to gargle
Gargle in the mornings and evenings!
stomach
My stomach hurts.
remedy, medicine
This remedy is prescribed to me.
daily, every day
Take this twice a day.
available only on prescription
This medicine is only on prescription.
similar to, like
He is like his brother.
to work; to have an effect
This remedy works fast.
ill, sick, not well
How long have you been sick?
illness, sickness; disease
This is my old illness.
strong
This is a very strong remedy.
weak
I feel weak.
Pay attention to the form and the usage of the words
Just like in English, German uses several words with similar meaning for «medicine»: die Arznei, das Medikament, die Medizin.
Diese Arznei (dieses Medikament, diese Medizin) ist sehr stark.
This medicine is very strong.The verb gurgeln «to gargle», as many other verbs, can form a noun das Gurgeln «gargling»:
Zum Gurgeln nehmen Sie diese Arznei.
Take this medicine for gargling.The expression Hätten Sie nicht... «Don’t you have...» (not lit.) is a polite request and is used with the verb in konjunktiv II:
Hätten Sie nicht seine Telefonnummer?
Don’t you have his phone number?The word täglich «daily» in a combination with recommendations about taking the medicine is translated as «a day»:
Ich treibe täglich Sport.
I do sports every day.
Nehmen Sie das zweimal täglich.
Take this twice a day.
Remember the following way of word-formation (1)
der Magen + die Schmerzen = die Magenschmerzen stomachache
das Rezept + frei = rezeptfrei available without prescription
Practise in reading the words
In der Apotheke
Additional words for the topic «At the doctor’s»
Grammar points
The imperative mood (imperativ) in German has three main forms: 2nd person singular form (when talking with a friend etc.), 2nd plural form (when talking with friends etc.) and a polite form, and some descriptive forms. Many of them you have met and know very well:
Füllen Sie das Formular aus!
Fill in the form!
The imperative form of 2nd person singular is based on its 2nd person singular form with the following peculiarities: a) the personal ending is omitted and the ending -e can be added; b) verbs with the root vowel а do not get the umlaut; c) the separable element of separable verbs goes at the end of the sentence:
Schreib(e) endlich den Brief!
Write the letter already!
Steig(e) schneller aus!
Get off faster!
Fahr(e) bis zur Kreuzung!
Drive until the intersection!
Sieh dir den Spielplan an!
Look at the repertoire!
The imperative form of 2nd person plural is made of its 2nd person plural form, the personal pronoun is omitted:
Steigt jetzt ein!
Get on now!
The polite imperative form is made of 3rd person plural form, at the same time, the personal pronoun goes after the verb:
Nehmen Sie hier Platz!
Take a seat here!
Descriptive forms of the imperative mood, unlike the aforesaid, address not only others, but include the speaker as well:
Fahren wir morgen ins Grüne!
Let’s go to the country tomorrow!
Wollen wir tanzen gehen!
Let’s go dancing!
Forms of the imperative mood (imperativ)
2nd p. singular | 2nd p. plural | Polite form | |
machen | mach(e)! | macht! | machen Sie! |
arbeiten | arbeite! | arbeitet! | arbeiten Sie! |
anrufen | ruf(e)... an! | ruft... an! | rufen Sie an! |
lesen | lies! | lest! | lesen Sie! |
nehmen | nimm! | nehmt! | nehmen Sie! |
fahren | fahre! | fahrt! | fahren Sie! |
sein | sei! | seid! | seien Sie! |
1. You do not know how to take the medicine. Ask at the chemist’s. What answer may they give you?
B. Nehmen Sie sie dreimal täglich vor dem Essen!
Continue:
die Tropfen, das Medikament, die Medizin, die Magentabletten, das Mittel, die Kopfschmerztablette, die Tropfen zum Gurgeln.
2. You do not know how to get to somewhere. Ask a friend. What answer (s)he may give you?
B. Fahr(e) bis zur Kreuzung, dann nach links!
Continue:
die Bibliothek, das Filmtheater, das Postamt, die Universität, die Sporthalle, das Theater, die Schwimmhalle, das Kino.
3. You and your friends have not decided what to do after the excursion. Give a proposal.
B. Wollen wir tanzen gehen!
Continue:
in die Diskothek gehen, Musik hören, fernsehen, ins Kino gehen, eine Gaststätte besuchen, eine Fernsehsendung sehen.
4. You need a certain medicine. Ask at the chemist’s. What answer may they give you?
B. Die ist rezeptpflichtig. Die hier ist rezeptfrei.
Continue:
die Magenschmerzen, der Husten, der Schnupfen, der Durchfall, die Leberschmerzen, die Lungenentzündung, hoher Blutdruck.
5. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the dialogue.
1. Hätten sie ein Mittel? 2. Da sind die . 3. Nehmen Sie dreimal eine Tablette. 4. Ich brauche die auf diesem Rezept. 5. Haben Sie etwas gegen ? 6. Das auch sehr gut.
6. Reconstruct the dialogue by filling in the gaps with the appropriate words.
7. Try to reproduce the dialogue “In der Apotheke” by memory.
Check yourself!
What expressions will you use if you want to:
buy a certain medicine at the chemist’s
ask how the medicine works
ask how to take the medicine
find out if they have a medicine for an illness